Split S2
Split S2
Split S2 (pronounced: split ess two) is a term used in cardiology to describe the physiological splitting of the second heart sound, S2, in the cardiac cycle.
Etymology
The term "Split S2" is derived from the English words "split", meaning to divide or separate, and "S2", which is an abbreviation for the second heart sound in the cardiac cycle.
Definition
In a normal cardiac cycle, the second heart sound, S2, is produced by the closure of the aortic valve and the pulmonary valve. However, in certain conditions or physiological states, the closure of these two valves does not occur simultaneously, resulting in a split S2. This split can be heard as two distinct sounds using a stethoscope during auscultation.
Related Terms
- Cardiac cycle: The sequence of events that occur when the heart beats.
- Aortic valve: One of the two semilunar valves of the heart, the other being the pulmonary valve.
- Pulmonary valve: A semilunar valve that separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery.
- Stethoscope: A medical instrument used for listening to the sounds produced within the body.
- Auscultation: The act of listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope.
Causes of Split S2
A split S2 can be caused by a variety of factors, including respiratory cycle changes, certain heart conditions such as right bundle branch block (RBBB) and pulmonary hypertension, and physiological states such as exercise or pregnancy.
Clinical Significance
A split S2 can be a normal finding, especially in younger individuals. However, an excessively split S2 or a split S2 that does not vary with respiration can be indicative of underlying heart disease and should be evaluated further.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Split S2
- Wikipedia's article - Split S2
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