Anxiolytics
Anxiolytics
Anxiolytics (/æŋkʃiːəˈlɪtɪks/) are a class of medication used primarily for the treatment of anxiety and its related psychological and physical symptoms. Anxiolytics are often referred to as tranquilizers and are a type of central nervous system (CNS) depressant.
Etymology
The term "anxiolytic" derives from the Greek words "άγχος" (anxiety) and "λύσις" (loosening or releasing). It was first used in the mid-20th century to describe medications that help to reduce anxiety.
Types of Anxiolytics
There are several types of anxiolytics, including:
- Benzodiazepines: These are the most commonly prescribed anxiolytics. They include drugs like diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax), and lorazepam (Ativan).
- Barbiturates: These are older drugs that are not commonly used today due to their high risk of overdose and addiction.
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): These are a type of antidepressant that can also be used to treat anxiety.
- Buspirone: This is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic that is used to treat chronic anxiety.
Side Effects
Common side effects of anxiolytics include drowsiness, dizziness, and decreased alertness and concentration. Long-term use can lead to dependence and withdrawal symptoms.
Related Terms
- Antidepressants: These are medications used to treat depression, but many can also be used to treat anxiety.
- Psychotherapy: This is a type of therapy that can be used in conjunction with medication to treat anxiety.
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): This is a specific type of psychotherapy that is often used to treat anxiety disorders.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Anxiolytics
- Wikipedia's article - Anxiolytics
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