Template:Human bones: Difference between revisions

Neurocranium	* occipital parietal frontal temporal sphenoid ethmoid
Face	* nasal maxilla lacrimal zygomatic palatine inferior nasal conchae vomer mandible hyoid
Ear	* ossicles malleus incus stapes

Thorax

* sternum

rib cage
- rib

Vertebral column

* vertebrae

Appendicular

Shoulder	* clavicle scapula
Arm	* humerus ulna radius
Hand	* carpals (scaphoid, lunate bone, triquetral, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate) metacarpals phalanges (prox, int, dist)
Pelvis	* ilium ischium pubis
Leg	* femur patella fibula tibia sesamoid bones

The facial skeleton of the skull

Maxilla

Surfaces	* Anterior: fossae (Incisive fossa, Canine fossa) Infraorbital foramen Orbital bones Anterior nasal spine Infratemporal: Alveolar canals Maxillary tuberosity Orbital: Infraorbital groove Infraorbital canal Nasal: Greater palatine canal
Processes	* Zygomatic process Frontal process (Agger nasi, Anterior lacrimal crest) Alveolar process Palatine process (Incisive foramen, Incisive canals, Foramina of Scarpa, Incisive bone, Anterior nasal spine)
Other	* Body of maxilla Maxillary sinus

Zygomatic

* Orbital process (Zygomatico-orbital)

Palatine

Fossae	* Pterygopalatine fossa Pterygoid fossa
Plates	* Horizontal plate (Posterior nasal spine) Perpendicular plate (Greater palatine canal, Sphenopalatine foramen) Hard palate
Processes	* Pyramidal Orbital Sphenoidal

Mandible

Body	* external surface (Chin, Jaw, Mandibular prominence, Mandibular symphysis, Lingual foramen, Mental protuberance, Mental foramen, Mandibular incisive canal) internal surface (Mental spine, Mylohyoid line, Sublingual fovea, Submandibular fovea) Alveolar part
Ramus	* Mylohyoid groove Mandibular canal Lingula Mandibular foramen Angle Coronoid process Mandibular notch Condyloid process Pterygoid fovea

Nose

* Nasal bone

Neurocranium of the skull

Occipital

Squamous part	* external Inion/External occipital protuberance Occipital bun External occipital crest Nuchal lines Suprainiac fossa planes Occipital Nuchal internal Cruciform eminence Internal occipital protuberance Internal occipital crest Groove for transverse sinus
Lateral parts	* Condyle Condyloid fossa Condylar canal Hypoglossal canal jugular Jugular process Jugular tubercle
Basilar part	* Pharyngeal tubercle Clivus
Other	* Foramen magnum Basion Opisthion

Parietal

* Parietal eminence

Frontal

Squamous part	* Frontal suture Frontal eminence external Superciliary arches Glabella foramina Supraorbital foramen Brow ridge Foramen cecum Zygomatic process internal Sagittal sulcus Frontal crest
Orbital part	* Ethmoidal notch Fossa for lacrimal gland Trochlear fovea Frontal sinus Frontonasal duct

Temporal

Squamous part	* Articular tubercle Suprameatal triangle Mandibular fossa Petrotympanic fissure Zygomatic process
Mastoid part	* Mastoid foramen Mastoid process (Mastoid cells) Mastoid notch Occipital groove Sigmoid sulcus Mastoid antrum (Aditus)
Petrous part	* Carotid canal Facial canal Hiatus Internal auditory meatus Cochlear aqueduct Stylomastoid foramen fossae Subarcuate fossa Jugular fossa canaliculi Inferior tympanic Mastoid Styloid process Petrosquamous suture (note: ossicles in petrous part, but not part of temporal bone)
Tympanic part	* Suprameatal spine

Sphenoid

Surfaces	* Superior surface: Sella turcica Dorsum sellae Tuberculum sellae Hypophysial fossa Posterior clinoid processes Ethmoidal spine Chiasmatic groove Middle clinoid process Petrosal process Clivus Lateral surface: Carotid groove Sphenoidal lingula Anterior surface: Sphenoidal sinuses
Great wings	* foramina Rotundum Ovale Vesalii Spinosum Spine Infratemporal crest Sulcus of auditory tube
Small wings	* Superior orbital fissure Anterior clinoid process Optic canal
Pterygoid processes	* fossae Pterygoid Scaphoid pterygoid plates Lateral Medial Pterygoid canal Hamulus
Other	* Body Sphenoidal conchae

Compound structures of skull

Neurocranium	* Calvaria Diploë Asterion Pterion Stephanion Inion Bregma Lambda Fossae anterior middle posterior cranial cavity Base of skull Fontanelle anterior posterior sphenoidal mastoid
Facial skeleton	* Nasion Gonion
Both	* dacryon zygomatic arch temporal fossa infratemporal fossa pterygomaxillary fissure pterygopalatine fossa

Bones of the arm

Shoulder girdle, clavicle

* conoid tubercle

Scapula

* fossae (subscapular, supraspinatous, infraspinatous)

notches (suprascapular, great scapular)
glenoid cavity
tubercles (infraglenoid, supraglenoid)
spine of scapula
acromion
coracoid process
angles (superior, inferior, lateral)

Humerus

* upper extremity: necks (anatomical, surgical)

tubercles (greater, lesser)
bicipital groove
body: radial sulcus
deltoid tuberosity
lower extremity: capitulum
trochlea
epicondyles (lateral, medial)
supracondylar ridges (lateral, medial)
fossae (radial, coronoid, olecranon)

Forearm

Radius	* near elbow (head, tuberosity) near wrist (ulnar notch, styloid process, Lister's tubercle)
Ulna	* near elbow (tuberosity, olecranon, coronoid process, radial notch, trochlear notch) near wrist (styloid process)

Hand

Carpal bones	* scaphoid lunate triquetral pisiform trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate hamulus
Metacarpal bones	* 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Phalanges	* proximal intermediate distal

Bones of the torso

Vertebrae

General structure	* Body Arch pedicle lamina notch Vertebral foramen Intervertebral foramen Processes transverse articular spinous Spinal canal
Cervical vertebrae	* Uncinate process of vertebra Transverse foramen Anterior tubercle Carotid tubercle Posterior tubercle Atlas lateral mass anterior arch posterior arch Axis dens Vertebra prominens
Thoracic vertebrae	* Costal facets superior inferior transverse Uncinate process of vertebra
Lumbar vertebrae	* Processes accessory mammillary
Sacrum	* Base sacral promontory Ala of sacrum Lateral surface sacral tuberosity Pelvic surface anterior sacral foramina Dorsal surface posterior sacral foramina Median sacral crest Medial sacral crest Lateral sacral crest Sacral canal sacral hiatus

Thorax

Rib cage	* Ribs true ribs false ribs floating ribs Parts angle tubercle costal groove neck head
Sternum	* Suprasternal notch Manubrium Sternal angle Body of sternum Xiphisternal joint Xiphoid process
Thoracic cage	* Thoracic inlet Thoracic outlet Intercostal space Costal margin Infrasternal angle

Bones of the human leg

Femur

upper extremity	* head fovea neck greater trochanter fossa lesser trochanter intertrochanteric line intertrochanteric crest quadrate tubercle
shaft	* linea aspera upper medial: merges with intertrochanteric line upper intermediate: pectineal line upper lateral: gluteal tuberosity / third trochanter
lower extremity	* adductor tubercle patellar surface epicondyles lateral medial condyles lateral medial intercondylar fossa

Tibia

upper extremity	* Gerdy's tubercle condyles lateral medial intercondylar area posterior anterior intercondylar eminence lateral tubercle medial tubercle
shaft	* tuberosity soleal line
lower extremity	* medial malleolus Anterior colliculus Posterior colliculus fibular notch

Fibula

* lateral malleolus

Other

* patella

- apex

Foot

Tarsus	* calcaneus sustentaculum tali calcaneal tubercle talus navicular cuboid cuneiform medial intermediate lateral
Metatarsals	* 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Other	* Phalanges

Bones of the pelvis

General

* sacrum

gluteal lines	* posterior anterior inferior
iliac spines	* anterior superior anterior inferior posterior superior posterior inferior
other:	* crest tuberosity tubercle fossa

Ischium

body	* ischial spine lesser sciatic notch
superior ramus	* tuberosity of the ischium
inferior ramus	* no substructures

Pubis

* body

- pubic crest
superior ramus
- pubic tubercle
- obturator crest
inferior ramus
- pectineal line

Compound

* acetabulum

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Template:Human bones: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 19:09, 8 March 2025