Capitate bone

Capitate Bone

The capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones in the human wrist. It is centrally located within the wrist and plays a crucial role in the complex movements of the hand. The capitate bone is situated in the distal row of carpal bones and articulates with several other bones, contributing to the wrist's flexibility and strength.

Anatomy

The capitate bone is characterized by its distinctive head, which is rounded and fits into the concavity formed by the scaphoid and lunate bones. This articulation allows for a wide range of motion. The capitate also articulates with the third metacarpal bone, forming a stable connection that is essential for the function of the hand.

Surfaces

The capitate bone has six surfaces:

• Superior surface: Articulates with the lunate bone.
• Inferior surface: Articulates with the third metacarpal bone.
• Dorsal surface: Provides attachment for ligaments.
• Palmar surface: Also provides attachment for ligaments and is involved in the carpal tunnel.
• Medial surface: Articulates with the hamate bone.
• Lateral surface: Articulates with the trapezoid bone.

Function

The capitate bone is integral to the wrist's function, providing a pivot point for the hand's movements. It is involved in flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction of the wrist. The capitate's central position allows it to distribute forces across the wrist, reducing stress on individual bones and joints.

Clinical Significance

Injuries to the capitate bone, such as fractures, can significantly impair wrist function. These injuries often result from trauma, such as falls or direct impacts. Diagnosis typically involves X-ray imaging, and treatment may require immobilization or surgical intervention, depending on the severity of the fracture.

Capitate Fractures

Capitate fractures are relatively rare but can occur in conjunction with other carpal injuries. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and limited range of motion in the wrist. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications such as arthritis.

Images

Palmar view of the capitate bone in the left hand.

Dorsal view of the capitate bone in the left hand.

Related Pages

• Carpal bones
• Wrist joint
• Scaphoid bone
• Lunate bone
• Metacarpal bones