Pterygoid processes of the sphenoid

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Sphenoid bone. Upper and posterior surfaces. (Pterygoid process labeled at bottom left.)

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Synonyms
Pronunciation
Carnegie stage
Days
Precursor	Pharyngeal arch 1
Gives rise to
Part of

The pterygoid processes of the sphenoid are paired projections that extend from the inferior aspect of the sphenoid bone in the human skull. These processes are important anatomical landmarks and serve as points of attachment for various muscles and ligaments associated with the jaw and pharynx.

Anatomy

The pterygoid processes consist of two plates: the medial pterygoid plate and the lateral pterygoid plate. These plates are separated by the pterygoid fossa, which houses the medial pterygoid muscle.

Medial Pterygoid Plate

The medial pterygoid plate is a thin, elongated structure that extends downward from the sphenoid bone. It forms part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and provides attachment for the tensor veli palatini muscle and the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.

Lateral Pterygoid Plate

The lateral pterygoid plate is broader and more robust than the medial plate. It serves as the origin for the lateral pterygoid muscle and the medial pterygoid muscle, both of which are involved in the movements of the mandible.

Function

The pterygoid processes play a crucial role in the function of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by providing attachment points for muscles that facilitate the movement of the jaw. These processes also contribute to the structural integrity of the skull and the nasal cavity.

Clinical Significance

Injuries or abnormalities involving the pterygoid processes can affect the function of the jaw and the pharynx. Conditions such as pterygoid hamulus syndrome and temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) may involve the pterygoid processes.

Additional Images

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  Sphenoid bone. Upper and posterior surfaces. (Pterygoid process labeled at bottom left.)

See Also

• Sphenoid bone
• Medial pterygoid muscle
• Lateral pterygoid muscle
• Temporomandibular joint