Septicemic plague: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox | {{SI}} | ||
| name = Septicemic plague | {{Infobox medical condition | ||
| image = PlagueTypes.jpg | | name = Septicemic plague | ||
| caption = | | image = [[File:PlagueTypes.jpg|250px]] | ||
| field = Infectious disease | | caption = Illustration of different types of plague | ||
| symptoms = Fever, chills, | | field = [[Infectious disease]] | ||
| complications = | | symptoms = [[Fever]], [[chills]], [[abdominal pain]], [[shock]], [[bleeding into skin]] and other organs | ||
| causes = ''Yersinia pestis'' | | complications = [[Septic shock]], [[organ failure]] | ||
| risks = Flea bites, handling infected animals, | | onset = Sudden | ||
| diagnosis = Blood | | duration = Varies | ||
| treatment = Antibiotics | | causes = ''[[Yersinia pestis]]'' | ||
| prognosis = High mortality if untreated | | risks = [[Flea]] bites, handling infected animals, [[bioterrorism]] | ||
| frequency = Rare | | diagnosis = [[Blood culture]], [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) | ||
| differential = [[Meningococcemia]], [[Rocky Mountain spotted fever]], [[disseminated intravascular coagulation]] | |||
| prevention = [[Avoiding flea bites]], [[prophylactic antibiotics]] for exposure | |||
| treatment = [[Antibiotics]] such as [[gentamicin]], [[doxycycline]], [[ciprofloxacin]] | |||
| prognosis = High mortality if untreated | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
| deaths = High if untreated | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Septicemic plague''' is a severe and often fatal form of [[plague (disease)|plague]] caused by the bacterium ''[[Yersinia pestis]]''. It occurs when the bacteria multiply in the bloodstream, leading to a systemic infection. This form of plague can arise as a complication of [[bubonic plague]] or [[pneumonic plague]], or it can occur independently. | '''Septicemic plague''' is a severe and often fatal form of [[plague (disease)|plague]] caused by the bacterium ''[[Yersinia pestis]]''. It occurs when the bacteria multiply in the bloodstream, leading to a systemic infection. This form of plague can arise as a complication of [[bubonic plague]] or [[pneumonic plague]], or it can occur independently. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Septicemic plague results from the spread of ''Yersinia pestis'' into the bloodstream. The bacteria release toxins that cause disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), leading to widespread clotting and bleeding. This can result in tissue necrosis and gangrene, particularly in the extremities, giving rise to the term "black death" due to the blackened appearance of the skin. | Septicemic plague results from the spread of ''Yersinia pestis'' into the bloodstream. The bacteria release toxins that cause disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), leading to widespread clotting and bleeding. This can result in tissue necrosis and gangrene, particularly in the extremities, giving rise to the term "black death" due to the blackened appearance of the skin. | ||
==Transmission== | ==Transmission== | ||
[[File:PlagueTransmissionHomemade.png|thumb|Transmission routes of plague]] | [[File:PlagueTransmissionHomemade.png|left|thumb|Transmission routes of plague]] | ||
Septicemic plague can be transmitted through: | Septicemic plague can be transmitted through: | ||
* [[Flea]] bites from fleas that have fed on infected rodents. | * [[Flea]] bites from fleas that have fed on infected rodents. | ||
* Direct contact with infected tissues or bodily fluids from animals or humans. | * Direct contact with infected tissues or bodily fluids from animals or humans. | ||
* Secondary spread from untreated bubonic or pneumonic plague. | * Secondary spread from untreated bubonic or pneumonic plague. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The symptoms of septicemic plague include: | The symptoms of septicemic plague include: | ||
| Line 34: | Line 36: | ||
* Bleeding into the skin and other organs | * Bleeding into the skin and other organs | ||
* Gangrene of the extremities | * Gangrene of the extremities | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of septicemic plague is confirmed through: | Diagnosis of septicemic plague is confirmed through: | ||
| Line 40: | Line 41: | ||
* Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests | * Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests | ||
* Serological tests to detect antibodies | * Serological tests to detect antibodies | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Immediate treatment with antibiotics is crucial for survival. Effective antibiotics include: | Immediate treatment with antibiotics is crucial for survival. Effective antibiotics include: | ||
| Line 46: | Line 46: | ||
* [[Doxycycline]] | * [[Doxycycline]] | ||
* [[Ciprofloxacin]] | * [[Ciprofloxacin]] | ||
Supportive care in a hospital setting is often necessary to manage complications such as shock and organ failure. | Supportive care in a hospital setting is often necessary to manage complications such as shock and organ failure. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for septicemic plague is poor if not treated promptly, with a high mortality rate. However, with early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment, the prognosis improves significantly. | The prognosis for septicemic plague is poor if not treated promptly, with a high mortality rate. However, with early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment, the prognosis improves significantly. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
Preventive measures include: | Preventive measures include: | ||
| Line 57: | Line 54: | ||
* Using insect repellent and wearing protective clothing in endemic areas | * Using insect repellent and wearing protective clothing in endemic areas | ||
* Prophylactic antibiotics for those exposed to the bacterium | * Prophylactic antibiotics for those exposed to the bacterium | ||
==Also see== | ==Also see== | ||
* [[Bubonic plague]] | * [[Bubonic plague]] | ||
| Line 63: | Line 59: | ||
* [[Yersinia pestis]] | * [[Yersinia pestis]] | ||
* [[Infectious disease]] | * [[Infectious disease]] | ||
{{Plague}} | {{Plague}} | ||
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] | [[Category:Infectious diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]] | [[Category:Bacterial diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Zoonoses]] | [[Category:Zoonoses]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:18, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Septicemic plague | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fever, chills, abdominal pain, shock, bleeding into skin and other organs |
| Complications | Septic shock, organ failure |
| Onset | Sudden |
| Duration | Varies |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Yersinia pestis |
| Risks | Flea bites, handling infected animals, bioterrorism |
| Diagnosis | Blood culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) |
| Differential diagnosis | Meningococcemia, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, disseminated intravascular coagulation |
| Prevention | Avoiding flea bites, prophylactic antibiotics for exposure |
| Treatment | Antibiotics such as gentamicin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | High mortality if untreated |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | High if untreated |
Septicemic plague is a severe and often fatal form of plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. It occurs when the bacteria multiply in the bloodstream, leading to a systemic infection. This form of plague can arise as a complication of bubonic plague or pneumonic plague, or it can occur independently.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Septicemic plague results from the spread of Yersinia pestis into the bloodstream. The bacteria release toxins that cause disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), leading to widespread clotting and bleeding. This can result in tissue necrosis and gangrene, particularly in the extremities, giving rise to the term "black death" due to the blackened appearance of the skin.
Transmission[edit]
Septicemic plague can be transmitted through:
- Flea bites from fleas that have fed on infected rodents.
- Direct contact with infected tissues or bodily fluids from animals or humans.
- Secondary spread from untreated bubonic or pneumonic plague.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of septicemic plague include:
- Sudden onset of fever and chills
- Extreme weakness
- Abdominal pain
- Shock
- Bleeding into the skin and other organs
- Gangrene of the extremities
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of septicemic plague is confirmed through:
- Blood cultures to identify Yersinia pestis
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests
- Serological tests to detect antibodies
Treatment[edit]
Immediate treatment with antibiotics is crucial for survival. Effective antibiotics include:
Supportive care in a hospital setting is often necessary to manage complications such as shock and organ failure.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for septicemic plague is poor if not treated promptly, with a high mortality rate. However, with early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment, the prognosis improves significantly.
Prevention[edit]
Preventive measures include:
- Reducing exposure to rodents and fleas
- Using insect repellent and wearing protective clothing in endemic areas
- Prophylactic antibiotics for those exposed to the bacterium
Also see[edit]
| Proteobacteria-associated Gram-negative bacterial infections (primarily A00–A79, 001–041, 080–109) | ||||||||||||||
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