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{{PAGENAME}} - the anhydrous form of enol-oxaloacetate, a small molecule blood glutamate scavenger, that can be used to lower glutamate plasma levels, and has potential neuroprotective activity. Upon administration, enol-oxaloacetate targets and binds to glutamate in the bloodstream. This lowers glutamate plasma levels and lowers the free glutamate available to be picked up by cells, such as tumor brain cells, thereby preventing glutamate metabolism and glutamate-mediated signaling. This prevents the proliferation of rapidly growing cells, such as brain tumor cells. And by lowering glutamate plasma levels, a molecular imbalance is formed and glutamate is excreted across the blood-brain barrier, resulting in lower free brain glutamate. This may help protect the brain from excitotoxicity in conditions where there is a surge of glutamate production, such as traumatic brain injury, thereby protecting neuronal cells. Glutamate, a non-essential amino acid and the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (cns), provides energy and generates building blocks for the production of macromolecules, which are needed for cellular growth and survival. Also see anhydrous enol-oxaloacetate
{{Infobox medical condition
{{med-stub}}
| name = Aortic Ectasia
{{dictionary-stub2}}
| image =
| caption =
| field = [[Cardiology]]
| synonyms =
| symptoms = Often asymptomatic, may include chest pain or back pain
| complications = [[Aortic dissection]], [[Aneurysm]]
| onset =
| duration =
| causes = Degenerative changes, hypertension, genetic factors
| risks = [[Hypertension]], [[Marfan syndrome]], [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]
| diagnosis = [[Echocardiography]], [[CT scan]], [[MRI]]
| treatment = Monitoring, [[Antihypertensive drugs]], [[Surgery]]
| prognosis = Varies depending on size and rate of growth
| frequency =
}}
 
'''Aortic Ectasia''' is a medical condition characterized by a mild dilation of the [[aorta]], the largest artery in the human body. It is often considered a precursor to more serious conditions such as [[aortic aneurysm]] or [[aortic dissection]].
 
==Anatomy and Physiology==
The [[aorta]] is the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. It originates from the [[left ventricle]] of the heart and extends down to the abdomen, where it branches into the [[iliac arteries]]. The aorta is divided into several sections: the [[ascending aorta]], the [[aortic arch]], the [[descending thoracic aorta]], and the [[abdominal aorta]].
 
==Pathophysiology==
Aortic ectasia occurs when there is a mild enlargement of the aorta. This can be due to degenerative changes in the aortic wall, often associated with aging. The condition can also be influenced by [[hypertension]], which increases the stress on the aortic wall, and genetic conditions such as [[Marfan syndrome]] and [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], which affect connective tissue integrity.
 
==Clinical Presentation==
Aortic ectasia is often asymptomatic and may be discovered incidentally during imaging studies for other conditions. When symptoms do occur, they may include chest pain, back pain, or a feeling of fullness in the chest. These symptoms are not specific and can overlap with other cardiovascular conditions.
 
==Diagnosis==
The diagnosis of aortic ectasia is typically made using imaging techniques. [[Echocardiography]] is a common non-invasive method that can visualize the aorta and measure its diameter. [[Computed tomography (CT) scan]] and [[magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]] provide more detailed images and are used to assess the extent of dilation and to rule out other conditions such as [[aortic dissection]].
 
==Management==
Management of aortic ectasia depends on the size of the dilation and the presence of symptoms. Regular monitoring with imaging studies is essential to track the progression of the condition. [[Antihypertensive drugs]] are often prescribed to control blood pressure and reduce stress on the aortic wall. In cases where the ectasia progresses to an aneurysm or if there is a risk of dissection, surgical intervention may be necessary.
 
==Prognosis==
The prognosis for individuals with aortic ectasia varies. Many individuals remain stable with no significant progression, while others may develop complications such as [[aortic aneurysm]] or [[aortic dissection]]. Regular follow-up and management of risk factors are crucial to prevent adverse outcomes.
 
==See Also==
* [[Aortic aneurysm]]
* [[Aortic dissection]]
* [[Marfan syndrome]]
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]
 
==External Links==
* [American Heart Association]
* [National Institutes of Health]
 
{{Cardiology}}
{{Vascular diseases}}
 
[[Category:Cardiovascular diseases]]
[[Category:Vascular diseases]]
[[Category:Medical conditions]]

Latest revision as of 17:20, 1 January 2025

Aortic Ectasia
Synonyms
Pronounce N/A
Specialty N/A
Symptoms Often asymptomatic, may include chest pain or back pain
Complications Aortic dissection, Aneurysm
Onset
Duration
Types N/A
Causes Degenerative changes, hypertension, genetic factors
Risks Hypertension, Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Diagnosis Echocardiography, CT scan, MRI
Differential diagnosis N/A
Prevention N/A
Treatment Monitoring, Antihypertensive drugs, Surgery
Medication N/A
Prognosis Varies depending on size and rate of growth
Frequency
Deaths N/A


Aortic Ectasia is a medical condition characterized by a mild dilation of the aorta, the largest artery in the human body. It is often considered a precursor to more serious conditions such as aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection.

Anatomy and Physiology[edit]

The aorta is the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. It originates from the left ventricle of the heart and extends down to the abdomen, where it branches into the iliac arteries. The aorta is divided into several sections: the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, the descending thoracic aorta, and the abdominal aorta.

Pathophysiology[edit]

Aortic ectasia occurs when there is a mild enlargement of the aorta. This can be due to degenerative changes in the aortic wall, often associated with aging. The condition can also be influenced by hypertension, which increases the stress on the aortic wall, and genetic conditions such as Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, which affect connective tissue integrity.

Clinical Presentation[edit]

Aortic ectasia is often asymptomatic and may be discovered incidentally during imaging studies for other conditions. When symptoms do occur, they may include chest pain, back pain, or a feeling of fullness in the chest. These symptoms are not specific and can overlap with other cardiovascular conditions.

Diagnosis[edit]

The diagnosis of aortic ectasia is typically made using imaging techniques. Echocardiography is a common non-invasive method that can visualize the aorta and measure its diameter. Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide more detailed images and are used to assess the extent of dilation and to rule out other conditions such as aortic dissection.

Management[edit]

Management of aortic ectasia depends on the size of the dilation and the presence of symptoms. Regular monitoring with imaging studies is essential to track the progression of the condition. Antihypertensive drugs are often prescribed to control blood pressure and reduce stress on the aortic wall. In cases where the ectasia progresses to an aneurysm or if there is a risk of dissection, surgical intervention may be necessary.

Prognosis[edit]

The prognosis for individuals with aortic ectasia varies. Many individuals remain stable with no significant progression, while others may develop complications such as aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection. Regular follow-up and management of risk factors are crucial to prevent adverse outcomes.

See Also[edit]

External Links[edit]

  • [American Heart Association]
  • [National Institutes of Health]



Cardiovascular disease A-Z

Most common cardiac diseases

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Cardiovascular disease (vessels)
Arteries, arterioles
and capillaries
Inflammation
Peripheral artery disease
Aneurysm / dissection /
pseudoaneurysm
Vascular malformation
Vascular nevus
Veins
Arteries or veins
Blood pressure
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