Aortic aneurysm

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Aortic aneurysm
File:Aortic aneurysm.jpg
Synonyms
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	Cardiology, Vascular surgery
Symptoms	Often none, but may include abdominal pain, back pain, or a pulsating feeling in the abdomen
Complications	Aortic dissection, rupture, shock
Onset
Duration
Types	Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Thoracic aortic aneurysm
Causes	Atherosclerosis, genetic factors, trauma, infection
Risks	Smoking, hypertension, male gender, family history
Diagnosis	Ultrasound, CT scan, MRI
Differential diagnosis
Prevention	Smoking cessation, blood pressure control
Treatment	Surgery, endovascular aneurysm repair
Medication
Prognosis
Frequency
Deaths

Aortic aneurysm is a medical condition where the large blood vessel (aorta) that supplies blood to the abdomen, pelvis, and legs becomes abnormally large or balloons outward. It can occur anywhere along the aorta, but is most common in the abdomen (abdominal aneurysm) and the chest (thoracic aneurysm).

Causes and Risk Factors

Aortic aneurysms are often caused by atherosclerosis, the buildup of fat and other substances that can damage the aorta's lining. Other causes include cystic medial necrosis, Marfan syndrome, Ehlers Danlos syndrome, and trauma. Risk factors include tobacco smoking, high blood pressure, and a family history of aortic aneurysms.

Symptoms

Most aortic aneurysms do not cause symptoms and are often discovered when a person undergoes medical imaging for another reason. When symptoms do occur, they can include abdominal, back, or leg pain.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of an aortic aneurysm is typically confirmed with medical imaging, such as an ultrasound or CT scan. Once diagnosed, the size and growth rate of the aneurysm are closely monitored.

Treatment

Treatment for an aortic aneurysm depends on its size, location, and rate of growth. Small, slow-growing aneurysms may be monitored with regular imaging tests to ensure they do not become a threat. Medications may be given to lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of rupture. In cases where the aneurysm is large, fast-growing, or causing symptoms, surgery may be required to replace the affected portion of the aorta.

Complications

Potential complications of aortic aneurysms include aortic rupture and aortic dissection, both of which are life-threatening conditions requiring emergency medical attention.

See Also

Abdominal aortic aneurysm Thoracic aortic aneurysm Marfan syndrome Ehlers Danlos syndrome