Secondary hypertension

Secondary hypertension
Synonyms	Secondary high blood pressure
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Headache, dizziness, blurred vision, chest pain, shortness of breath
Complications	Heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, heart failure
Onset	Varies depending on underlying cause
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Kidney disease, endocrine disorders, medications, sleep apnea, coarctation of the aorta
Risks	Obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle
Diagnosis	Blood pressure measurement, urinalysis, blood tests, imaging studies
Differential diagnosis	Primary hypertension, pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Antihypertensive drugs, lifestyle changes, treatment of underlying cause
Medication	ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common
Deaths	Significant contributor to cardiovascular disease mortality

Secondary hypertension is a type of hypertension that is caused by an identifiable underlying secondary cause. It is much less common than primary hypertension, representing about 5-10% of all cases.

Causes

Secondary hypertension can be caused by a variety of conditions, including kidney disease, endocrine disorders, and certain medications.

Kidney disease

Kidney disease is the most common cause of secondary hypertension. This is because the kidneys play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure by controlling the balance of salt and water in the body.

Endocrine disorders

Certain endocrine disorders can also cause secondary hypertension. These include Cushing's syndrome, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and pheochromocytoma.

Medications

Certain medications can also cause secondary hypertension. These include birth control pills, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and corticosteroids.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of secondary hypertension involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests. These tests may include blood tests, urine tests, imaging studies, and specialized tests for certain conditions.

Treatment

The treatment of secondary hypertension involves treating the underlying cause. This may involve medication, lifestyle changes, or in some cases, surgery.

See also

• Primary hypertension
• Hypertension
• Blood pressure