Secondary hypertension
Secondary hypertension | |
---|---|
Synonyms | Secondary high blood pressure |
Pronounce | N/A |
Specialty | N/A |
Symptoms | Headache, dizziness, blurred vision, chest pain, shortness of breath |
Complications | Heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, heart failure |
Onset | Varies depending on underlying cause |
Duration | Chronic |
Types | N/A |
Causes | Kidney disease, endocrine disorders, medications, sleep apnea, coarctation of the aorta |
Risks | Obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle |
Diagnosis | Blood pressure measurement, urinalysis, blood tests, imaging studies |
Differential diagnosis | Primary hypertension, pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome |
Prevention | N/A |
Treatment | Antihypertensive drugs, lifestyle changes, treatment of underlying cause |
Medication | ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics |
Prognosis | N/A |
Frequency | Common |
Deaths | Significant contributor to cardiovascular disease mortality |
Secondary hypertension is a type of hypertension that is caused by an identifiable underlying secondary cause. It is much less common than primary hypertension, representing about 5-10% of all cases.
Causes
Secondary hypertension can be caused by a variety of conditions, including kidney disease, endocrine disorders, and certain medications.
Kidney disease
Kidney disease is the most common cause of secondary hypertension. This is because the kidneys play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure by controlling the balance of salt and water in the body.
Endocrine disorders
Certain endocrine disorders can also cause secondary hypertension. These include Cushing's syndrome, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and pheochromocytoma.
Medications
Certain medications can also cause secondary hypertension. These include birth control pills, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and corticosteroids.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of secondary hypertension involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests. These tests may include blood tests, urine tests, imaging studies, and specialized tests for certain conditions.
Treatment
The treatment of secondary hypertension involves treating the underlying cause. This may involve medication, lifestyle changes, or in some cases, surgery.
See also
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