Vertebral artery dissection

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Vertebral artery dissection
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Headache, neck pain, dizziness, visual disturbances, stroke
Complications	Stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage
Onset	Sudden
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Trauma, connective tissue disorders, spontaneous
Risks	Hypertension, smoking, migraine, fibromuscular dysplasia
Diagnosis	MRI, CT angiography, Doppler ultrasound
Differential diagnosis	Migraine, tension headache, cervical spondylosis
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Anticoagulation, antiplatelet therapy, surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on severity and treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

MRI scan showing a vertebral artery dissection.

Vertebral Artery Dissection (VAD) is a medical condition characterized by a tear in the inner lining of the vertebral artery, which is a crucial vessel supplying blood to the brain. This tear allows blood to enter the arterial wall, forming a clot that may thicken the artery wall and potentially impede blood flow. VAD can lead to serious complications, including stroke, due to disrupted blood supply to the brain.

Causes

VAD may occur spontaneously or as a result of:

• Physical trauma to the neck, such as from a car accident or sports injury
• Sudden neck movements
• Chiropractic manipulations
• Underlying connective tissue disorders

Symptoms

Symptoms of VAD can vary but commonly include:

• Severe head and neck pain, often described as different from regular headaches
• Symptoms of a stroke, such as difficulty speaking, impaired coordination, and visual loss
• Dizziness or vertigo
• Nausea or vomiting
• Tinnitus

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of VAD typically involves imaging studies, such as:

• Contrast-enhanced CT scan: To visualize blood flow and the condition of the artery
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): To provide detailed images of the vertebral arteries and surrounding tissues
• Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA): To assess the blood vessels in more detail

Treatment

Treatment for VAD aims to prevent stroke and may include:

• Anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications to prevent blood clot formation
• Thrombolytic therapy in acute cases to dissolve existing clots
• In severe cases, surgical interventions such as stenting or angioplasty may be considered
• Monitoring and managing risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Complications

Without prompt treatment, VAD can lead to:

• Ischemic stroke
• Permanent neurological damage
• Increased risk of recurrent dissections

See Also

• Stroke
• Carotid artery dissection
• Ischemic stroke
• Magnetic resonance angiography

External Links

• American Stroke Association - Vertebral Artery Dissection
• Mayo Clinic - Vertebral Artery Dissection