Lymphedema

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Lymphedema
Synonyms	Lymphoedema
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Swelling, skin thickening, pain, restricted range of motion
Complications	Infection, lymphangiosarcoma
Onset	Can be congenital or acquired
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic disorder, cancer treatment, infection
Risks	Obesity, surgery, radiation therapy
Diagnosis	Physical examination, imaging
Differential diagnosis	Chronic venous insufficiency, lipedema
Prevention	Weight management, skin care, exercise
Treatment	Compression therapy, manual lymphatic drainage, surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on cause and treatment
Frequency	Common in cancer survivors
Deaths	N/A

Introduction

Lymphedema is a condition characterized by chronic swelling in the body, typically in an arm or a leg, caused by a blockage in the lymphatic system. This system is part of the body's immune system and helps to circulate fluids, proteins, and cells throughout the body.

Lymphedema limbs

Causes and Risk Factors

Lymphedema can be primary (congenital or hereditary) or secondary (caused by an external factor). Secondary lymphedema is more common and is often associated with cancer treatment, particularly procedures that involve removal or radiation of lymph nodes. Other risk factors include infections, trauma, obesity, and certain cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases.

Symptoms and Complications

Upper limb lymphedema

The primary symptom of lymphedema is swelling in one or more extremities, which can lead to discomfort, heaviness, and restricted range of motion. The skin in the affected area may also become hard and thick. If left untreated, lymphedema can lead to complications such as cellulitis (a skin infection) and lymphangiosarcoma (a rare form of soft tissue cancer).

Diagnosis

Lymphedema is generally diagnosed based on symptoms and medical history. Imaging tests, such as MRI, CT scan, or ultrasound, may be used to rule out other causes of swelling.

Treatment

While there is currently no cure for lymphedema, the condition can be managed with treatment. This may include the use of compression stockings or bandages, manual lymphatic drainage (a type of massage), exercise, and skin care to prevent infection. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.

References

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