Hypovolemia
Hypovolemia
Hypovolemia (pronounced: hi-po-vo-LEE-mee-uh), also known as volume depletion or volume shock, is a state of decreased blood volume; more specifically, decrease in volume of blood plasma.
Etymology
The term Hypovolemia is derived from the Greek words "hypo" meaning "under", "vol" referring to volume, and "emia" meaning "of the blood".
Definition
Hypovolemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the volume of blood in the body, which can be due to either a decrease in the volume of red blood cells or a decrease in the volume of plasma. This can result in inadequate perfusion of body tissues and organs.
Causes
Hypovolemia can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Dehydration: This can occur due to inadequate fluid intake, excessive fluid loss (such as from sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting), or a combination of both.
- Hemorrhage: This is a severe, often sudden, loss of blood.
- Burns: Severe burns can result in significant fluid loss.
- Diuretics: These medications increase urine output, which can lead to fluid loss.
Symptoms
Symptoms of hypovolemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but may include:
- Tachycardia (rapid heart rate)
- Hypotension (low blood pressure)
- Dizziness or fainting
- Confusion or unconsciousness
- Thirst
- Dry mouth and skin
- Decreased urine output
Treatment
Treatment for hypovolemia typically involves replacing the lost fluids. This can often be accomplished through oral rehydration, but in severe cases, intravenous fluids may be necessary. In cases of hemorrhage, a blood transfusion may be required.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Hypovolemia
- Wikipedia's article - Hypovolemia
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