Encephalocele
Encephalocele
Encephalocele (pronounced: en-SEF-uh-lo-seel) is a rare type of birth defect of the neural tube that affects the brain. The term is derived from the Greek words "encephalos" (brain) and "kele" (hernia).
Definition
An Encephalocele is a sac-like protrusion or projection of the brain and the membranes that cover it through an opening in the skull. This condition occurs when the neural tube does not close completely during pregnancy, resulting in an opening anywhere along the center of the skull from the nose to the back of the neck, but most commonly at the back of the head.
Symptoms
Symptoms of an Encephalocele can vary greatly, depending on the location and size of the sac, and whether brain tissue is involved. They may include neurologic problems, developmental delay, hydrocephalus, motor problems, seizures, vision problems, and intellectual disability.
Causes
The exact cause of Encephalocele is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors. Some researchers believe that a lack of folic acid (a type of Vitamin B) in a mother's diet increases the risk.
Treatment
Treatment for Encephalocele typically involves surgery to place the protruding brain tissue and membranes back into the skull, remove the sac, and correct the associated craniofacial abnormalities. The prognosis for individuals with this condition varies depending on the type of brain tissue involved and the accompanying anomalies.
Related Terms
- Neural Tube Defects - A group of conditions that includes encephalocele, spina bifida, and anencephaly.
- Hydrocephalus - A condition often associated with encephalocele, characterized by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain.
- Craniofacial Abnormalities - Deformities in the growth of the head and facial bones, often associated with encephalocele.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Encephalocele
- Wikipedia's article - Encephalocele
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