African trypanosomiasis
African Trypanosomiasis
African trypanosomiasis (/ˌtrɪpənəˈsoʊmiəsɪs/), also known as sleeping sickness, is a parasitic disease of humans and other animals. It is caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by the tsetse fly. The disease is endemic in certain regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, covering about 36 countries and 60 million people.
Etymology
The term "trypanosomiasis" is derived from the Greek words "trypano" (borer) and "soma" (body), referring to the parasite's method of infection. "African" refers to the geographical origin of the disease.
Symptoms
The disease has two stages: the hemolymphatic phase and the neurological phase. The first stage presents with fever, headaches, joint pains, and itching. The second stage, also known as the neurological or meningoencephalic stage, begins when the parasite crosses the blood-brain barrier, causing neurological problems like changes in behavior, confusion, and poor coordination.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis involves identifying the parasite in body fluid or tissue. This can be done through a blood smear, lymph node aspirate, or, in the late stages, a cerebrospinal fluid examination.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the stage of the disease. Drugs used include suramin and pentamidine for the first stage, and melarsoprol and eflornithine for the second stage.
Prevention
Prevention strategies include reducing contact with tsetse flies, using insect repellent, and wearing long-sleeved shirts and pants in areas where tsetse flies are common.
See also
References
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on African trypanosomiasis
- Wikipedia's article - African trypanosomiasis
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