Liposarcoma: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Liposarcoma | |||
| image = [[File:Histopathology_of_liposarcoma,_annotated.jpg|left|thumb|Histopathology of liposarcoma]] | |||
| caption = Histopathological image of liposarcoma | |||
| field = [[Oncology]] | |||
| synonyms = | |||
| symptoms = [[Painless]] mass, swelling | |||
| complications = [[Metastasis]], [[organ dysfunction]] | |||
| onset = Typically in [[adulthood]] | |||
| duration = | |||
| types = [[Well-differentiated liposarcoma]], [[myxoid liposarcoma]], [[pleomorphic liposarcoma]], [[dedifferentiated liposarcoma]] | |||
| causes = Unknown | |||
| risks = [[Genetic predisposition]], [[radiation exposure]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Biopsy]], [[imaging studies]] | |||
| differential = [[Liposarcoma]] vs. [[lipoma]] | |||
| prevention = | |||
| treatment = [[Surgery]], [[radiation therapy]], [[chemotherapy]] | |||
| medication = | |||
| prognosis = Varies by type and stage | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
Liposarcoma is a [[tumor]] that arises from fat tissue. This tumor often occurs in the thigh, legs, behind the knee, or in the abdomen, but it can be found in other parts of the body, in the retroperitoneum; and, less often, in the head and neck area. Their primary occurrence in the skin is rare. Because a liposarcoma may grow into surrounding tissues or organs, it is considered a [[malignant]] tumor. | Liposarcoma is a [[tumor]] that arises from fat tissue. This tumor often occurs in the thigh, legs, behind the knee, or in the abdomen, but it can be found in other parts of the body, in the retroperitoneum; and, less often, in the head and neck area. Their primary occurrence in the skin is rare. Because a liposarcoma may grow into surrounding tissues or organs, it is considered a [[malignant]] tumor. | ||
[[ | [[File:Liposarcoma 02.jpg|left|thumb|CT image showing a lesion that proved to be a liposarcoma]] | ||
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===Subtypes=== | ===Subtypes=== | ||
The World Health Organization classification of soft tissue tumors recognizes 5 types of liposarcomas: Well differentiated, which includes the adipocytic, sclerosing, and inflammatory subtypes; dedifferentiated; myxoid; round cell; and pleomorphic. | The World Health Organization classification of soft tissue tumors recognizes 5 types of liposarcomas: Well differentiated, which includes the adipocytic, sclerosing, and inflammatory subtypes; dedifferentiated; myxoid; round cell; and pleomorphic. | ||
== '''Cause''' == | == '''Cause''' == | ||
Doctors are not sure what causes liposarcoma. Mutations (changes) in genes found in fat cells may cause cells to grow uncontrollably, causing a tumor. Doctors have also found links between liposarcoma and other factors. Prior exposure to [[radiation]] or certain chemicals such as [[vinyl chloride]] (a toxic chemical used in making plastic) may cause liposarcoma in some people. In other cases, liposarcoma occurs due to hereditary conditions that are passed down among family members. | Doctors are not sure what causes liposarcoma. Mutations (changes) in genes found in fat cells may cause cells to grow uncontrollably, causing a tumor. Doctors have also found links between liposarcoma and other factors. Prior exposure to [[radiation]] or certain chemicals such as [[vinyl chloride]] (a toxic chemical used in making plastic) may cause liposarcoma in some people. In other cases, liposarcoma occurs due to hereditary conditions that are passed down among family members. | ||
== '''Symptoms''' == | == '''Symptoms''' == | ||
Some people with liposarcoma have no symptoms other than being able to feel a painless lump. People often notice these lumps after an injury, but trauma is not known to be a direct causative effect. | Some people with liposarcoma have no symptoms other than being able to feel a painless lump. People often notice these lumps after an injury, but trauma is not known to be a direct causative effect. | ||
You may notice symptoms as a lipomatous tumor grows and presses on surrounding nerves, muscles, or organs. Signs and symptoms of liposarcoma vary depending on the | You may notice symptoms as a lipomatous tumor grows and presses on surrounding nerves, muscles, or organs. Signs and symptoms of liposarcoma vary depending on the tumor’s location. They can include: | ||
* Constipation | * Constipation | ||
* Fatigue (extreme tiredness) | * Fatigue (extreme tiredness) | ||
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* Unexplained swelling | * Unexplained swelling | ||
* Weakness | * Weakness | ||
== '''Additional images''' == | == '''Additional images''' == | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
| Line 34: | Line 51: | ||
Image:Dedifferentiated liposarcoma - intermed mag.jpg|[[Micrograph]] of a dedifferentiated liposarcoma, [[H&E stain]] | Image:Dedifferentiated liposarcoma - intermed mag.jpg|[[Micrograph]] of a dedifferentiated liposarcoma, [[H&E stain]] | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis is established by [[histologic]] examination of the tissue, i.e., [[biopsy]] or excision. Lipoblasts are often present; these are cells with an abundant clear multi[[vacuole|vacuolated]] [[cytoplasm]] and an eccentric darkly staining nucleus that is indented by the vacuoles. | The diagnosis is established by [[histologic]] examination of the tissue, i.e., [[biopsy]] or excision. Lipoblasts are often present; these are cells with an abundant clear multi[[vacuole|vacuolated]] [[cytoplasm]] and an eccentric darkly staining nucleus that is indented by the vacuoles. | ||
===Medical imaging=== | ===Medical imaging=== | ||
Ultrasonography may not be able to distinguish a liposarcoma from a benign lipoma, and therefore, MRI is the initial imaging of choice. | Ultrasonography may not be able to distinguish a liposarcoma from a benign lipoma, and therefore, MRI is the initial imaging of choice. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The treatment for liposarcoma depends on the type, size, and location of the tumor. [[Surgery]] to remove the [[tumor]] is often the first treatment. When the tumor is in the abdomen, it may be difficult to remove completely, especially if the tumor is growing near important organs that cannot be removed. | The treatment for liposarcoma depends on the type, size, and location of the tumor. [[Surgery]] to remove the [[tumor]] is often the first treatment. When the tumor is in the abdomen, it may be difficult to remove completely, especially if the tumor is growing near important organs that cannot be removed. | ||
If the entire tumor cannot be removed during surgery, [[radiation therapy]] may be used after surgery to kill any cancer cells that remain to reduce the chance of the tumor coming back (a recurrence). | |||
If the entire tumor cannot be removed during surgery, [[radiation therapy]] may be used after surgery to kill any cancer cells that remain to reduce the chance of the tumor coming back (a recurrence). | |||
[[Chemotherapy]] is another treatment that can kill remaining cancer cells following surgery, though it is not usually used to treat low-grade sarcomas. | [[Chemotherapy]] is another treatment that can kill remaining cancer cells following surgery, though it is not usually used to treat low-grade sarcomas. | ||
Sometimes [[radiation therapy]] or [[chemotherapy]] may be done prior to surgery to shrink the tumor; this may increase the chance of removing the whole tumor during surgery while limiting the impact to other organs. | Sometimes [[radiation therapy]] or [[chemotherapy]] may be done prior to surgery to shrink the tumor; this may increase the chance of removing the whole tumor during surgery while limiting the impact to other organs. | ||
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* '''[[Eribulin mesylate]]''' (Brand name: Halaven)Treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic liposarcoma who have received a prior anthracyclne-containing regimen. | * '''[[Eribulin mesylate]]''' (Brand name: Halaven)Treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic liposarcoma who have received a prior anthracyclne-containing regimen. | ||
* '''[[Trabectedin]]''' (Brand name: Yondelis) For the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma who received a prior [[anthracycline]]-containing regimen. | * '''[[Trabectedin]]''' (Brand name: Yondelis) For the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma who received a prior [[anthracycline]]-containing regimen. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis varies depending on the site of origin, the type of cancer cell, tumor size, depth, and proximity to lymph nodes. | The prognosis varies depending on the site of origin, the type of cancer cell, tumor size, depth, and proximity to lymph nodes. | ||
Five-year survival rates vary from 56 to 100% based on histological subtype. | Five-year survival rates vary from 56 to 100% based on histological subtype. | ||
==Epidemiology== | ==Epidemiology== | ||
Most frequent in middle-aged and older adults (age 40 and above), liposarcomas are the second-most common of all soft-tissue [[sarcoma]]s, following [[malignant fibrous histiocytoma]]s. Annually, 2.5 cases occur per million population. | Most frequent in middle-aged and older adults (age 40 and above), liposarcomas are the second-most common of all soft-tissue [[sarcoma]]s, following [[malignant fibrous histiocytoma]]s. Annually, 2.5 cases occur per million population. | ||
{{Soft tissue tumors and sarcomas}} | {{Soft tissue tumors and sarcomas}} | ||
[[Category:Dermal and subcutaneous growths]] | [[Category:Dermal and subcutaneous growths]] | ||
[[Category:Sarcoma]] | [[Category:Sarcoma]] | ||
[[Category:Soft tissue disorders]] | [[Category:Soft tissue disorders]] | ||
{{cancer}} | {{cancer}} | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 19:52, 7 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Liposarcoma | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Painless mass, swelling |
| Complications | Metastasis, organ dysfunction |
| Onset | Typically in adulthood |
| Duration | |
| Types | Well-differentiated liposarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma, pleomorphic liposarcoma, dedifferentiated liposarcoma |
| Causes | Unknown |
| Risks | Genetic predisposition, radiation exposure |
| Diagnosis | Biopsy, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | Liposarcoma vs. lipoma |
| Prevention | |
| Treatment | Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy |
| Medication | |
| Prognosis | Varies by type and stage |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Liposarcoma is a tumor that arises from fat tissue. This tumor often occurs in the thigh, legs, behind the knee, or in the abdomen, but it can be found in other parts of the body, in the retroperitoneum; and, less often, in the head and neck area. Their primary occurrence in the skin is rare. Because a liposarcoma may grow into surrounding tissues or organs, it is considered a malignant tumor.
Subtypes[edit]
The World Health Organization classification of soft tissue tumors recognizes 5 types of liposarcomas: Well differentiated, which includes the adipocytic, sclerosing, and inflammatory subtypes; dedifferentiated; myxoid; round cell; and pleomorphic.
Cause[edit]
Doctors are not sure what causes liposarcoma. Mutations (changes) in genes found in fat cells may cause cells to grow uncontrollably, causing a tumor. Doctors have also found links between liposarcoma and other factors. Prior exposure to radiation or certain chemicals such as vinyl chloride (a toxic chemical used in making plastic) may cause liposarcoma in some people. In other cases, liposarcoma occurs due to hereditary conditions that are passed down among family members.
Symptoms[edit]
Some people with liposarcoma have no symptoms other than being able to feel a painless lump. People often notice these lumps after an injury, but trauma is not known to be a direct causative effect. You may notice symptoms as a lipomatous tumor grows and presses on surrounding nerves, muscles, or organs. Signs and symptoms of liposarcoma vary depending on the tumor’s location. They can include:
- Constipation
- Fatigue (extreme tiredness)
- Pain
- Trouble breathing
- Unexplained swelling
- Weakness
Additional images[edit]
-
Micrograph of a myxoid liposarcoma, H&E stain -
Micrograph of a dedifferentiated liposarcoma, H&E stain
.jpg)
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis is established by histologic examination of the tissue, i.e., biopsy or excision. Lipoblasts are often present; these are cells with an abundant clear multivacuolated cytoplasm and an eccentric darkly staining nucleus that is indented by the vacuoles.
Medical imaging[edit]
Ultrasonography may not be able to distinguish a liposarcoma from a benign lipoma, and therefore, MRI is the initial imaging of choice.
Treatment[edit]
The treatment for liposarcoma depends on the type, size, and location of the tumor. Surgery to remove the tumor is often the first treatment. When the tumor is in the abdomen, it may be difficult to remove completely, especially if the tumor is growing near important organs that cannot be removed. If the entire tumor cannot be removed during surgery, radiation therapy may be used after surgery to kill any cancer cells that remain to reduce the chance of the tumor coming back (a recurrence). Chemotherapy is another treatment that can kill remaining cancer cells following surgery, though it is not usually used to treat low-grade sarcomas. Sometimes radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be done prior to surgery to shrink the tumor; this may increase the chance of removing the whole tumor during surgery while limiting the impact to other organs. The medication(s) listed below have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as orphan products for treatment of this condition.
- Eribulin mesylate (Brand name: Halaven)Treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic liposarcoma who have received a prior anthracyclne-containing regimen.
- Trabectedin (Brand name: Yondelis) For the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma who received a prior anthracycline-containing regimen.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis varies depending on the site of origin, the type of cancer cell, tumor size, depth, and proximity to lymph nodes. Five-year survival rates vary from 56 to 100% based on histological subtype.
Epidemiology[edit]
Most frequent in middle-aged and older adults (age 40 and above), liposarcomas are the second-most common of all soft-tissue sarcomas, following malignant fibrous histiocytomas. Annually, 2.5 cases occur per million population.
| Overview of tumors, cancer and oncology (C00–D48, 140–239) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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