Neuroleptics

Neuroleptics

Neuroleptics (pronounced: noo-roh-lep-tiks), also known as antipsychotics, are a class of medication used primarily to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), particularly in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The term "neuroleptic" is derived from the Greek words "neuron" (meaning nerve) and "lepsis" (meaning seizure).

History

Neuroleptics were first developed in the 1950s. The first generation of neuroleptics, also known as typical antipsychotics, were discovered in the 1950s. The second generation, or atypical antipsychotics, were developed in the 1980s.

Mechanism of Action

Neuroleptics work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. Dopamine is a type of neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood and behavior. By blocking these receptors, neuroleptics can help reduce the symptoms of psychosis.

Types of Neuroleptics

There are two main types of neuroleptics: typical and atypical. Typical neuroleptics include drugs like chlorpromazine and haloperidol. Atypical neuroleptics include drugs like clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine.

Side Effects

Common side effects of neuroleptics include drowsiness, dizziness, and weight gain. More serious side effects can include tardive dyskinesia, a condition characterized by involuntary movements of the face and body.

Related Terms

• Antipsychotic
• Psychosis
• Schizophrenia
• Bipolar disorder
• Dopamine
• Neurotransmitter
• Chlorpromazine
• Haloperidol
• Clozapine
• Risperidone
• Olanzapine
• Tardive dyskinesia

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Neuroleptics
• Wikipedia's article - Neuroleptics

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