Tardive dyskinesia

Tardive Dyskinesia (tar-dive dis-kin-ee-zha) is a medical condition characterized by involuntary movements, especially of the lower face. The term is derived from the Greek words "tardive" meaning late and "dyskinesia" meaning bad movement.

Pronunciation

• IPA: /tɑːrdaɪv dɪskɪˈniːʒə/

Etymology

The term "Tardive Dyskinesia" is derived from the Greek words "tardive" meaning late and "dyskinesia" meaning bad movement. It was first used in medical literature in the 1960s to describe a neurological syndrome caused by long-term use of certain neuroleptic drugs.

Definition

Tardive Dyskinesia is a neurological syndrome characterized by repetitive, involuntary, purposeless movements. These movements primarily affect the neuro-muscular system, particularly the muscles of the face, lips, tongue, and jaw, but can also affect the limbs and trunk.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Tardive Dyskinesia can vary from person to person, but typically include:

• Facial grimacing
• Finger movement
• Jaw swinging
• Repetitive chewing
• Tongue thrusting

Causes

Tardive Dyskinesia is primarily caused by long-term use of neuroleptic drugs, which are used to treat certain mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Other drugs, such as metoclopramide and prochlorperazine, which are used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, can also cause Tardive Dyskinesia.

Treatment

Treatment for Tardive Dyskinesia typically involves discontinuing or changing the medication that caused the condition. In some cases, medications such as tetrabenazine, deutetrabenazine, and valbenazine may be used to manage the symptoms.

Related Terms

• Neuroleptic drugs
• Schizophrenia
• Bipolar disorder
• Metoclopramide
• Prochlorperazine
• Tetrabenazine
• Deutetrabenazine
• Valbenazine

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Tardive dyskinesia
• Wikipedia's article - Tardive dyskinesia

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