Monogenic diabetes
Monogenic Diabetes
Monogenic diabetes (pronunciation: /mɒnəˈdʒɛnɪk daɪəˈbiːtiːz/) is a rare form of diabetes that is caused by a single gene mutation. Unlike Type 1 and Type 2, which are polygenic, monogenic diabetes is not linked to lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise.
Etymology
The term "monogenic" is derived from the Greek words "mono" meaning "one" and "gene" meaning "birth, race, kind". It refers to the fact that this type of diabetes is caused by a mutation in a single gene.
Types
There are two main types of monogenic diabetes: Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) and Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (NDM).
Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)
MODY is the most common form of monogenic diabetes. It is often misdiagnosed as Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes because it shares some symptoms with these more common forms. However, MODY is caused by a mutation in one of several specific genes.
Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (NDM)
NDM is a rare form of diabetes that is diagnosed in the first six months of life. It is not related to Type 1 diabetes, which is usually diagnosed later in childhood.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of monogenic diabetes is usually made through genetic testing. This can identify the specific gene mutation that is causing the diabetes.
Treatment
Treatment for monogenic diabetes depends on the specific type of diabetes. Some forms can be treated with oral medications, while others require insulin injections.
Related Terms
- Diabetes
- Gene
- Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)
- Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (NDM)
- Genetic testing
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Monogenic diabetes
- Wikipedia's article - Monogenic diabetes
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