HPV vaccine

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is a preventative measure used to guard against human papillomavirus, a group of more than 150 related viruses, some of which are known to cause various types of cancer, including cervical cancer, anal cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer, as well as genital warts.

Gardasil vaccine and box new

Vaccine Types

• As of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, there were three primary types of HPV vaccines approved for use:
• Bivalent vaccine (Cervarix) protects against HPV types 16 and 18, which are responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancers globally.
• Quadrivalent vaccine (Gardasil) guards against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18, thereby providing protection from most cervical cancers and genital warts.
• Nonavalent vaccine (Gardasil 9) protects against HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58, covering an even broader range of HPV types responsible for cervical cancer and genital warts.

Immunization Schedule

• The CDC recommends that the HPV vaccine be administered in two doses for individuals who start the vaccination series before their 15th birthday. The second dose should be given 6 to 12 months after the first dose.
• For individuals who start the vaccination series at the age of 15 or older, or for those with certain immunocompromising conditions, three doses are recommended. The second dose should be administered 1–2 months after the first dose, and the third dose should be given 6 months after the first dose.

Efficacy and Safety

• Clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance studies have demonstrated the HPV vaccines to be safe and effective. They provide strong protection against new HPV infections and the health problems that HPV can cause, like cervical cancer and genital warts.
• Common side effects are mild, including pain and redness at the injection site, fever, dizziness, or nausea.

Public Health Impact

Since the introduction of HPV vaccination, the prevalence of HPV infections has significantly decreased in many countries. This has a substantial impact on reducing the incidence of HPV-related cancers and genital warts, thereby improving public health outcomes.

See Also

• Vaccination
• Cervical cancer
• Human papillomavirus infection

References

• Markowitz LE, Dunne EF, Saraiya M, Chesson HW, Curtis CR, Gee J, Bocchini JA, Unger ER; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2014). "Human papillomavirus vaccination: *recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)". MMWR. Recommendations and Reports. 63 (RR–05): 1–30. PMID 25167164.
• Garland, Suzanne M.; Kjaer, Susanne K.; Muñoz, Nubia; Block, Stanley L.; Brown, Darron R.; DiNubile, Mark J.; Lindsay, Barbara R.; Kuter, Barbara J.; Perez, Gonzalo; Dominiak-Felden, *Geraldine (2016-06). "Impact and Effectiveness of the Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: A Systematic Review of 10 Years of Real-world Experience". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 63 (4): 519–527. doi:10.1093/cid/ciw354. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 27199485.

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