Vaccine ingredients

Vaccine Ingredients

Vaccine ingredients are the substances that make up vaccines. They include antigens, adjuvants, preservatives, stabilizers, and residuals. Each ingredient serves a specific purpose and contributes to the overall effectiveness of the vaccine.

Antigens

Antigens (pronounced: /ˈan(t)əjən/) are the active ingredients in vaccines that stimulate the body's immune system to produce an immune response. They are usually weakened or killed forms of the virus or bacteria that the vaccine is designed to protect against. The term "antigen" comes from the Greek words "anti-" (against) and "-gen" (producer).

Adjuvants

Adjuvants (pronounced: /ˈadʒuvənt/) are substances that enhance the body's immune response to an antigen. They are often included in vaccines to increase their effectiveness. The term "adjuvant" comes from the Latin word "adjuvare", which means "to help".

Preservatives

Preservatives (pronounced: /prɪˈzɜːvətɪv/) are substances that prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in vaccines. They are used to ensure the safety and longevity of the vaccine. Common preservatives used in vaccines include thimerosal, phenol, and 2-phenoxyethanol.

Stabilizers

Stabilizers (pronounced: /ˈsteɪbəlaɪzər/) are substances that maintain the potency of the vaccine during storage and transportation. They include sugars, amino acids, and proteins such as gelatin and albumin.

Residuals

Residuals (pronounced: /rɪˈzɪdʒʊəl/) are small amounts of substances that remain in the final vaccine product after the manufacturing process. They may include trace amounts of cell culture materials, antibiotics, or inactivating agents.

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Vaccine ingredients