DNA vaccine

DNA Vaccine

A DNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that uses a small, circular piece of DNA called a plasmid that has been engineered to produce an immune response in the body.

Pronunciation

DNA vaccine: /ˈdiːˈenˈeɪ vaksin/

Etymology

The term "DNA vaccine" is derived from the abbreviation for DNA (the molecule that carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses) and the Latin word "vaccina" (pertaining to the cow, from the use of the cowpox virus in the first vaccines).

Related Terms

• Genetic immunization
• Gene therapy
• Immunization
• Vaccine
• Plasmid
• Immune response

Description

A DNA vaccine works by inserting a genetically engineered plasmid containing the DNA sequence encoding the antigen into the body. The cells take up the plasmid, translate the encoded antigen, and present it to the immune system, triggering a defensive response. DNA vaccines have potential advantages over conventional vaccines, including the ability to induce a wider range of immune response types.

History

The concept of DNA vaccines was first proposed in the 1990s. Early research focused on the use of DNA vaccines for cancer treatment, but the technology has since been applied to a wide range of infectious diseases.

Current Use

DNA vaccines are currently being researched and developed for a variety of diseases, including COVID-19, HIV, and malaria. They have also been used in veterinary medicine, particularly for diseases such as West Nile virus in horses and canine melanoma.

Future Prospects

The future of DNA vaccines looks promising, with ongoing research into improving the efficiency of DNA delivery and the strength of the immune response. DNA vaccines also have potential for rapid development and deployment in response to new infectious disease threats.

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on DNA vaccine
• Wikipedia's article - DNA vaccine

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