Cardiopulmonary bypass
Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Cardiopulmonary bypass (pronounced: car-dee-o-pul-mon-ary by-pass) is a technique that temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery, maintaining the circulation of blood and the oxygen content of the body. The cardiopulmonary bypass pump, often referred to as a heart-lung machine, is an essential component of open heart surgery.
Etymology
The term "cardiopulmonary" is derived from the Greek words "kardia" meaning heart, and "pneumon" meaning lung. "Bypass" refers to the process of creating a new pathway for blood flow.
Procedure
During a cardiopulmonary bypass, the patient's blood is diverted away from the heart and lungs. This blood is then oxygenated by the heart-lung machine and returned to the aorta, bypassing the heart and lungs and allowing the surgeon to operate on a still, bloodless field.
Risks and Complications
While cardiopulmonary bypass is a life-saving procedure, it is not without risks. Potential complications include stroke, myocardial infarction, and acute kidney injury. The risk of complications increases with the duration of the bypass.
Related Terms
- Open heart surgery: A type of surgery where the chest is cut open and surgery is performed on the muscles, valves, or arteries of the heart.
- Heart-lung machine: A device used in open heart surgery to support the body while the heart is stopped.
- Stroke: A condition where the blood supply to part of the brain is cut off, causing brain cells to die.
- Myocardial infarction: Also known as a heart attack, this occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, usually by a blood clot.
- Acute kidney injury: A sudden episode of kidney failure or kidney damage that happens within a few hours or a few days.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Cardiopulmonary bypass
- Wikipedia's article - Cardiopulmonary bypass
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