Cardiopulmonary bypass
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Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a technique that temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery, maintaining the circulation of blood and the oxygen content of the body. The CPB pump is often referred to as a "heart-lung machine" or "the pump".
History[edit]
The development of cardiopulmonary bypass was a significant milestone in cardiac surgery. The first successful use of a heart-lung machine was in 1953 by Dr. John Gibbon, who used it to perform an open-heart surgery. The machine has since evolved significantly, with improvements in safety and efficiency.
Components[edit]
The main components of a cardiopulmonary bypass machine include:
- Oxygenator: This component adds oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide, mimicking the gas exchange function of the lungs.
- Pump: The pump circulates the blood through the body, replacing the pumping action of the heart.
- Heat exchanger: This allows the surgical team to control the temperature of the blood, which can be important for certain procedures.
- Filters: These remove air bubbles and other debris from the blood to prevent embolism.
Procedure[edit]
During cardiopulmonary bypass, the patient's blood is diverted from the heart and lungs to the heart-lung machine. The machine oxygenates the blood and returns it to the body, allowing the surgeon to operate on a still and bloodless heart.
Applications[edit]
Cardiopulmonary bypass is primarily used in open-heart surgery, such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), heart valve repair or replacement, and heart transplant surgeries.
Risks and Complications[edit]
While CPB is generally safe, it can be associated with complications such as:
- Bleeding: Due to anticoagulation required during the procedure.
- Stroke: From air embolism or debris.
- Inflammatory response: Triggered by the contact of blood with the artificial surfaces of the machine.
Also see[edit]
| Tests and procedures involving the heart | ||||||||||
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Cardiovascular disease A-Z
Most common cardiac diseases
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Cardiogenetic disorders
- Cardiomegaly
- Cardiomyopathy
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- Chronic rheumatic heart diseases
- Congenital heart defects
- Heart neoplasia
- Ischemic heart diseases
- Pericardial disorders
- Syndromes affecting the heart
- Valvular heart disease
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
A[edit]
- Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
- Acute decompensated heart failure
- Arteriosclerotic heart disease
- Athletic heart syndrome
- Atrial flutter
- Atrioventricular fistula
- Cardiovascular disease in Australia
- Autoimmune heart disease
B[edit]
C[edit]
- Ebb Cade
- Cardiac allograft vasculopathy
- Cardiac amyloidosis
- Cardiac asthma
- Cardiac tamponade
- Cardiogenic shock
- Cardiogeriatrics
- Cardiorenal syndrome
- Cardiotoxicity
- Carditis
- Coronary artery aneurysm
- Coronary artery anomaly
- Coronary artery disease
- Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
- Coronary artery ectasia
- Coronary occlusion
- Coronary steal
- Coronary thrombosis
- Coronary vasospasm
- Cœur en sabot
- Coxsackievirus-induced cardiomyopathy
D[edit]
E[edit]
H[edit]
- Heart attack
- Heart failure
- Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- Heart to Heart (1949 film)
- High-output heart failure
- Hyperdynamic precordium
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
I[edit]
- Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis
- Interventricular dyssynchrony
- Intraventricular dyssynchrony
- Isolated atrial amyloidosis
K[edit]
L[edit]
M[edit]
- Mydicar
- Myocardial bridge
- Myocardial disarray
- Myocardial rupture
- Myocardial scarring
- Myocardial stunning
- Myocarditis
N[edit]
O[edit]
P[edit]
- Papillary fibroelastoma
- Pathophysiology of heart failure
- Postpericardiotomy syndrome
- Pulmonary vein stenosis
R[edit]
S[edit]
- Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease
- SCAR-Fc
- Shone's syndrome
- Strain pattern
- Subacute bacterial endocarditis
- Sudden cardiac death of athletes
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
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