Open-heart surgery

Open-heart surgery is a type of surgery that involves the heart or the blood vessels near it. The term "open-heart" refers to the fact that the chest is opened and the heart is exposed during the procedure.

Pronunciation

• UK: /ˈəʊ.pən hɑːt ˈsɜːr.dʒər.i/
• US: /ˈoʊ.pən hɑːrt ˈsɝː.dʒər.i/

Etymology

The term "open-heart surgery" is derived from the English words "open", "heart", and "surgery". "Open" comes from the Old English "openian", meaning "to open, disclose, reveal". "Heart" comes from the Old English "heorte", meaning "heart". "Surgery" comes from the Old French "surgery", meaning "work that involves manual labor", and the Latin "chirurgia", meaning "hand work".

Procedure

Open-heart surgery is performed under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision in the chest and cuts through the patient's breastbone (or sternum) to access the heart. The heart is then connected to a heart-lung bypass machine, which takes over the function of the heart and lungs during the procedure. The surgeon can then repair or replace the damaged part of the heart.

Types of Open-heart Surgery

There are several types of open-heart surgery, including coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), heart valve repair or replacement, and heart transplant. The type of surgery performed depends on the patient's condition and the specific heart problem that needs to be addressed.

Risks and Complications

Like all surgeries, open-heart surgery carries risks. These can include infection, bleeding, arrhythmias, stroke, and heart attack. The risk of complications is higher in older patients and those with other health conditions.

Related Terms

• Cardiothoracic surgery
• Cardiopulmonary bypass
• Heart-lung machine
• Minimally invasive heart surgery

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Open-heart surgery
• Wikipedia's article - Open-heart surgery

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