Transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Illustration of a TAVR procedure.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), also known as transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), is a minimally invasive procedure to replace a narrowed aortic valve that fails to open properly (aortic valve stenosis). TAVR is an option for patients who are considered to be at intermediate or high risk for open-heart surgery.

Procedure

TAVR involves inserting a catheter through the femoral artery in the groin or through a small incision in the chest. The catheter is guided to the heart, where a replacement valve is deployed. The new valve is typically made from animal tissue and is mounted on a balloon-expandable or self-expanding stent. Once in place, the new valve takes over the function of regulating blood flow from the heart to the aorta.

Indications

TAVR is primarily indicated for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are at increased risk for complications from traditional open-heart surgery. It is also considered for patients who are not candidates for surgery due to other medical conditions. The decision to perform TAVR is based on a comprehensive evaluation by a heart team, including cardiologists and cardiac surgeons.

Benefits and Risks

The benefits of TAVR include a shorter recovery time compared to open-heart surgery, reduced hospital stay, and improved quality of life. However, TAVR carries risks such as bleeding, vascular complications, stroke, and the need for a permanent pacemaker. Long-term durability of the valve is also a consideration.

History

The first successful TAVR procedure was performed in 2002 by French cardiologist Alain Cribier. Since then, the procedure has evolved significantly, with improvements in valve design and delivery systems. TAVR has become a widely accepted treatment for aortic stenosis, with numerous clinical trials demonstrating its safety and efficacy.

Related pages

• Aortic stenosis
• Heart valve replacement
• Cardiac surgery

External links

• American Heart Association: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)

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