Bronchopneumonia

Human disease

Bronchopneumonia
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Bronchopneumonia is a subtype of pneumonia. It is the acute inflammation of the bronchi, accompanied by inflamed patches in the nearby lobules of the lungs.<ref>

bronchopneumonia(link). YourDictionary.

citing: Webster's New World College Dictionary, Fifth Edition, Copyright 2014</ref>

It is often contrasted with lobar pneumonia; but, in clinical practice, the types are difficult to apply, as the patterns usually overlap.<ref name=Weisenberg2011> Elliot Weisenberg, M.D.. Lung - nontumor, Infections, Pneumonia - general(link). PathologyOutlines.

Topic Completed: 1 August 2011</ref> Bronchopneumonia (lobular) often leads to lobar pneumonia as the infection progresses. The same organism may cause one type of pneumonia in one patient, and another in a different patient. 

X-ray of bronchopneumonia: multifocal lung consolidation bilaterally.<ref>, Imaging of Pulmonary Infection, Part of the IDKD Springer Series book series (IDKD), 2019, pp. 65–77, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11149-6_7, PMC: 7123565,
-"This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)"</ref>

Causes

Bronchopneumonia is usually a bacterial pneumonia rather than being caused by viral disease.<ref name=helathline> Janelle Martel and Rachel Nall. Bronchopneumonia: Symptoms, Risk Factors, and Treatment(link). HealthLine.

Medically reviewed by Gerhard Whitworth, RN, on April 19, 2019</ref>

It is more commonly a hospital-acquired pneumonia than a community-acquired pneumonia, in contrast to lobar pneumonia.<ref name="ReynoldsMcdonald2010">,

 Pneumonia in the immunocompetent patient, 
 The British Journal of Radiology, 
 2010,
 Vol. 83(Issue: 996),
 pp. 998–1009,
 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/31200593,
 
 PMC: 3473604,</ref>

Bronchopneumonia is less likely than lobar pneumonia to be associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae.<ref name="urlLobar Pneumonia">

Lobar Pneumonia(link). Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus.

</ref> Rather, the bronchopneumonia pattern has been associated mainly with the following: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, E. coli and Pseudomonas.<ref name="urlPulmonary Pathology">

Pulmonary Pathology(link). Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library.

</ref>

Pathology

Histopathology of bronchopneumonia, showing neutrophils filling a bronchiole.

Bronchopneumonia may sometimes be diagnosed after death, during autopsy.

On gross pathology there are typically multiple foci of consolidation present in the basal lobes of the human lung, often bilateral. These lesions are 2–4 cm in diameter, grey-yellow, dry, often centered on a bronchiole, poorly delimited, and with the tendency to confluence, especially in children.

Light microscopy typically shows neutrophils in bronchi, bronchioles and adjacent alveolar spaces.<ref name=Weisenberg2011/>

Treatment

Further information: Pneumonia

Compared to pneumonia in general, the association between the bronchopneumonia pattern and hospital-acquired pneumonia warrants greater consideration of multiple drug resistance in the choice of antibiotics.

See also

• Lobar pneumonia

References

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