Hyperkeratosis

Hyperkeratosis (HY-per-KAYR-uh-TOH-sis) is a skin condition characterized by an abnormal thickening of the skin's outer layer, predominantly composed of the protein keratin. This thickening can arise due to various reasons including habitual wear and tear, chronic inflammatory conditions, or underlying genetic disorders.

Histopathology of reactive hyperkeratosis

Causes

The primary cause of hyperkeratosis is the excessive accumulation of keratin on the skin's surface. This accumulation can be attributed to:

• Normal wear and tear, leading to the formation of corns and calluses.
• Chronic inflammatory conditions such as eczema.
• Genetic disorders, which affect keratin production or shedding.

Prominent hyperkeratosis (original)

Types of Hyperkeratosis

Various types of hyperkeratosis arise depending on the root cause:

• Corns and Calluses: These are thickened patches of skin that develop in response to repeated friction or pressure. While corns typically form on the toes, calluses can form on hands, feet, or any part of the skin subjected to regular friction.

• Eczema-induced Hyperkeratosis: Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is an inflammatory skin condition. Chronic eczema can lead to the thickening of the skin as a protective response.

Prominent hyperkeratosis

• Genetic Hyperkeratosis: Some genetic conditions can lead to hyperkeratosis. Examples include:
  • X-linked ichthyosis: A condition caused by mutations in the STS gene leading to dry, scaly skin.
  • ichthyosis vulgaris: This is the most common form of ichthyosis, leading to dry, scaly skin due to a genetic mutation affecting skin cell turnover.

See also

• Keratin
• Dermatology
• Skin disorders

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