VR (nerve agent)

VR (nerve agent)

VR is a nerve agent that was developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It is also known by its NATO designation, Substance 33, and its systematic name, Ethyl dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate.

History

VR was first synthesized in the 1960s as part of the Soviet Union's Foliant program, which aimed to develop a new generation of more potent and persistent nerve agents. The program was a response to the development of VX in the United States.

Properties

VR is a colorless, odorless liquid that is slightly less volatile than VX. It is highly toxic, with a lethal dose for humans estimated to be around 10 milligrams. The agent works by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is essential for the functioning of the nervous system.

Symptoms and Treatment

Exposure to VR can cause a range of symptoms, including convulsions, paralysis, and respiratory failure. The onset of symptoms can be rapid, occurring within minutes of exposure. Treatment typically involves the administration of atropine and pralidoxime, which can reverse the effects of the agent if administered promptly.

Legacy

Despite its potency, VR was never widely adopted by the Soviet military, which preferred the more stable and persistent VX. However, the agent has been implicated in several incidents of chemical warfare, most notably the 1995 Tokyo subway sarin attack.

See also

• Chemical warfare
• Nerve agent
• VX (nerve agent)

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