Batrachotoxin

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Batrachotoxin

Batrachotoxin (pronounced: ba·​tra·​cho·​tox·​in) is a potent neurotoxin found in certain species of frogs, birds, and beetles. The term is derived from the Greek words 'batrachos' meaning frog and 'toxikon' meaning poison.

Description

Batrachotoxin is a steroidal alkaloid and one of the most potent non-peptide toxins known. It is primarily found in the skin and tissues of the Phyllobates terribilis (Golden Poison Frog), but has also been identified in the feathers of the Pitohui bird and the secretions of the Melyridae beetle.

Mechanism of Action

Batrachotoxin acts on the voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve and muscle cells, causing them to remain open. This results in a continuous, uncontrolled flow of sodium ions into the cells, leading to depolarization and ultimately, cell death. This mechanism is responsible for the severe neurotoxic effects observed in batrachotoxin poisoning.

Symptoms of Poisoning

Exposure to batrachotoxin can lead to a range of symptoms, including numbness, tremors, paralysis, and in severe cases, cardiac arrest and death. Treatment typically involves supportive care, as there is currently no known antidote for batrachotoxin poisoning.

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