Tuberculoid leprosy: Difference between revisions
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[[File: | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Tuberculoid leprosy | |||
| image = [[File:Leprosy_-_Tuberculoid_(TT)_-_1.jpg]] | |||
| image_size = 250px | |||
| alt = | |||
| caption = Tuberculoid leprosy skin lesion | |||
| field = [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Hypopigmented]] skin lesions, [[anesthesia (loss of sensation)|loss of sensation]] | |||
| complications = [[Nerve damage]], [[disability]] | |||
| onset = Gradual | |||
| duration = Long term | |||
| causes = [[Mycobacterium leprae]] | |||
| risks = Close contact with untreated cases | |||
| diagnosis = [[Skin biopsy]], [[slit-skin smear]] | |||
| differential = [[Vitiligo]], [[tinea versicolor]], [[sarcoidosis]] | |||
| prevention = [[BCG vaccine]], avoiding close contact | |||
| treatment = [[Multidrug therapy]] (MDT) | |||
| medication = [[Dapsone]], [[rifampicin]] | |||
| prognosis = Good with treatment | |||
| frequency = Less common than [[lepromatous leprosy]] | |||
}} | |||
'''Tuberculoid leprosy''' is a form of [[leprosy]] characterized by a strong [[immune response]] to the bacterium ''[[Mycobacterium leprae]]''. It is one of the two major forms of leprosy, the other being [[lepromatous leprosy]]. Tuberculoid leprosy is considered to be a less severe form of the disease. | '''Tuberculoid leprosy''' is a form of [[leprosy]] characterized by a strong [[immune response]] to the bacterium ''[[Mycobacterium leprae]]''. It is one of the two major forms of leprosy, the other being [[lepromatous leprosy]]. Tuberculoid leprosy is considered to be a less severe form of the disease. | ||
==Clinical features== | ==Clinical features== | ||
Tuberculoid leprosy presents with a limited number of skin lesions, which are often dry, hairless, and hypopigmented. These lesions are typically anesthetic due to the involvement of peripheral [[nerves]]. The immune response in tuberculoid leprosy is characterized by a strong [[cell-mediated immunity]], which helps to contain the infection but also leads to nerve damage. | Tuberculoid leprosy presents with a limited number of skin lesions, which are often dry, hairless, and hypopigmented. These lesions are typically anesthetic due to the involvement of peripheral [[nerves]]. The immune response in tuberculoid leprosy is characterized by a strong [[cell-mediated immunity]], which helps to contain the infection but also leads to nerve damage. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
The pathophysiology of tuberculoid leprosy involves a robust [[Th1 immune response]], which is effective in controlling the proliferation of ''Mycobacterium leprae''. This immune response results in the formation of [[granulomas]] in the skin and nerves, which are collections of immune cells that attempt to wall off the bacteria. | The pathophysiology of tuberculoid leprosy involves a robust [[Th1 immune response]], which is effective in controlling the proliferation of ''Mycobacterium leprae''. This immune response results in the formation of [[granulomas]] in the skin and nerves, which are collections of immune cells that attempt to wall off the bacteria. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of tuberculoid leprosy is based on clinical examination, skin smears, and [[skin biopsy]]. The skin lesions in tuberculoid leprosy are often paucibacillary, meaning they contain few bacteria, which can make diagnosis challenging. Histopathological examination of a biopsy can reveal the presence of granulomas and nerve involvement. | Diagnosis of tuberculoid leprosy is based on clinical examination, skin smears, and [[skin biopsy]]. The skin lesions in tuberculoid leprosy are often paucibacillary, meaning they contain few bacteria, which can make diagnosis challenging. Histopathological examination of a biopsy can reveal the presence of granulomas and nerve involvement. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The treatment of tuberculoid leprosy involves [[multidrug therapy]] (MDT) as recommended by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO). The standard regimen includes [[dapsone]] and [[rifampicin]] for a period of six months. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent nerve damage and disability. | The treatment of tuberculoid leprosy involves [[multidrug therapy]] (MDT) as recommended by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO). The standard regimen includes [[dapsone]] and [[rifampicin]] for a period of six months. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent nerve damage and disability. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for individuals with tuberculoid leprosy is generally good, especially with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The strong immune response helps to limit the spread of the bacteria, and most patients respond well to therapy. However, nerve damage can be permanent if not treated promptly. | The prognosis for individuals with tuberculoid leprosy is generally good, especially with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The strong immune response helps to limit the spread of the bacteria, and most patients respond well to therapy. However, nerve damage can be permanent if not treated promptly. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Leprosy]] | * [[Leprosy]] | ||
* [[Lepromatous leprosy]] | * [[Lepromatous leprosy]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:31, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
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| Tuberculoid leprosy | |
|---|---|
_-_1.jpg)
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Hypopigmented skin lesions, loss of sensation |
| Complications | Nerve damage, disability |
| Onset | Gradual |
| Duration | Long term |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Mycobacterium leprae |
| Risks | Close contact with untreated cases |
| Diagnosis | Skin biopsy, slit-skin smear |
| Differential diagnosis | Vitiligo, tinea versicolor, sarcoidosis |
| Prevention | BCG vaccine, avoiding close contact |
| Treatment | Multidrug therapy (MDT) |
| Medication | Dapsone, rifampicin |
| Prognosis | Good with treatment |
| Frequency | Less common than lepromatous leprosy |
| Deaths | N/A |
Tuberculoid leprosy is a form of leprosy characterized by a strong immune response to the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It is one of the two major forms of leprosy, the other being lepromatous leprosy. Tuberculoid leprosy is considered to be a less severe form of the disease.
Clinical features[edit]
Tuberculoid leprosy presents with a limited number of skin lesions, which are often dry, hairless, and hypopigmented. These lesions are typically anesthetic due to the involvement of peripheral nerves. The immune response in tuberculoid leprosy is characterized by a strong cell-mediated immunity, which helps to contain the infection but also leads to nerve damage.
Pathophysiology[edit]
The pathophysiology of tuberculoid leprosy involves a robust Th1 immune response, which is effective in controlling the proliferation of Mycobacterium leprae. This immune response results in the formation of granulomas in the skin and nerves, which are collections of immune cells that attempt to wall off the bacteria.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of tuberculoid leprosy is based on clinical examination, skin smears, and skin biopsy. The skin lesions in tuberculoid leprosy are often paucibacillary, meaning they contain few bacteria, which can make diagnosis challenging. Histopathological examination of a biopsy can reveal the presence of granulomas and nerve involvement.
Treatment[edit]
The treatment of tuberculoid leprosy involves multidrug therapy (MDT) as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The standard regimen includes dapsone and rifampicin for a period of six months. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent nerve damage and disability.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for individuals with tuberculoid leprosy is generally good, especially with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The strong immune response helps to limit the spread of the bacteria, and most patients respond well to therapy. However, nerve damage can be permanent if not treated promptly.
See also[edit]
