Mycobacterium marinum

Mycobacterium marinum is a slow-growing atypical mycobacterium that is commonly found in water environments, including both natural and artificial water sources. It is a pathogenic bacterium in fish and humans, causing a disease known as fish tank granuloma or aquarium granuloma in humans.

History

The bacterium was first isolated by Arloing, Cornevin and Thomas in 1897 from tubercles in fish. It was later named Mycobacterium marinum by Karl H. Meyer in 1926, who recognized its pathogenicity in fish and humans.

Characteristics

Mycobacterium marinum is a Gram-positive, acid-fast, rod-shaped bacterium. It is non-motile and does not form spores. The bacterium is capable of surviving in both water and soil environments, and can resist disinfectants and antibiotics due to its thick, waxy cell wall.

Pathogenesis

In humans, Mycobacterium marinum causes a skin infection known as fish tank granuloma or aquarium granuloma. The infection usually occurs through a break in the skin while handling infected fish or contaminated water. The bacterium can also cause systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals.

In fish, Mycobacterium marinum causes a disease known as fish tuberculosis or fish tank granuloma. The disease is characterized by weight loss, lethargy, and the formation of granulomas in the organs.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of Mycobacterium marinum infection in humans is based on clinical signs and symptoms, history of exposure to aquatic environments, and laboratory tests such as culture and PCR. Treatment usually involves antibiotics such as rifampin, ethambutol, and clarithromycin.

In fish, diagnosis is based on clinical signs and post-mortem examination. Treatment involves improving water quality and using antimicrobial agents.

See Also

• Mycobacterium
• Atypical mycobacterial infection
• Fish diseases and parasites

References

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