Lepromatous leprosy

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Lepromatous leprosy
Synonyms	Multibacillary leprosy
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Skin lesions, nodules, nerve damage, muscle weakness, eye problems
Complications	Peripheral neuropathy, blindness, deformities
Onset	Gradual
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Mycobacterium leprae infection
Risks	Close contact with untreated cases, genetic susceptibility
Diagnosis	Skin biopsy, slit-skin smear, PCR
Differential diagnosis	Tuberculoid leprosy, sarcoidosis, cutaneous lymphoma
Prevention	BCG vaccine, early diagnosis and treatment
Treatment	Multidrug therapy (MDT) with dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Good with treatment, but nerve damage may be irreversible
Frequency	Rare in developed countries, more common in tropical and subtropical regions
Deaths	N/A

Lepromatous leprosy is a form of leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, characterized by a widespread presence of lesions and nodules on the skin. It is the most severe form of leprosy and is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae.

Etiology

Lepromatous leprosy is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, an acid-fast, rod-shaped bacillus. The bacterium primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves, but can also involve the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and the eyes.

Pathogenesis

In lepromatous leprosy, the immune response to Mycobacterium leprae is poor, allowing the bacteria to multiply freely within the skin and nerves. This results in widespread skin lesions and nerve damage. The disease is progressive and can lead to significant disability and disfigurement if not treated early.

Clinical Features

The clinical features of lepromatous leprosy include widespread skin lesions that are often symmetrically distributed. The lesions can be nodules, plaques, or infiltrated areas of skin. The lesions are typically not painful and do not itch. Other symptoms can include muscle weakness, numbness, and eye problems.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy is typically made based on the clinical features and confirmed by a skin biopsy. The biopsy will show a large number of Mycobacterium leprae bacteria.

Treatment

The treatment for lepromatous leprosy involves a combination of antibiotics, typically dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine. This treatment regimen is often referred to as multidrug therapy (MDT). Treatment is usually required for a period of 12 months.

Prognosis

With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for lepromatous leprosy is good. However, if left untreated, the disease can lead to significant disability and disfigurement.

See Also

• Tuberculoid leprosy
• Borderline leprosy
• Leprosy