Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Difference between revisions
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== Autoimmune | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Autoimmune hemolytic anemia | |||
| image = [[File:Warm_autoimmune_hemolytic_anemia.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Blood smear showing spherocytes in a patient with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia | |||
| field = [[Hematology]] | |||
| synonyms = AIHA | |||
| symptoms = [[Fatigue (medical)]], [[pallor]], [[jaundice]], [[shortness of breath]], [[tachycardia]] | |||
| complications = [[Heart failure]], [[splenomegaly]], [[thrombosis]] | |||
| onset = Any age, but more common in adults | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| causes = [[Autoimmune disease]], [[idiopathic]], [[drug-induced]] | |||
| risks = [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[chronic lymphocytic leukemia]], [[HIV/AIDS]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Coombs test]], [[complete blood count]], [[blood smear]] | |||
| differential = [[Hereditary spherocytosis]], [[G6PD deficiency]], [[cold agglutinin disease]] | |||
| treatment = [[Corticosteroids]], [[immunosuppressive drugs]], [[splenectomy]], [[blood transfusion]] | |||
| medication = [[Prednisone]], [[rituximab]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable; depends on underlying cause and response to treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Autoimmune hemolytic anemia''' ('''AIHA'''), is a medical condition wherein the body's own [[immune system]] mistakenly attacks and destroys red blood cells, leading to anemia. This condition can be acute or chronic and can range from mild to severe. | '''Autoimmune hemolytic anemia''' ('''AIHA'''), is a medical condition wherein the body's own [[immune system]] mistakenly attacks and destroys red blood cells, leading to anemia. This condition can be acute or chronic and can range from mild to severe. | ||
== Introduction == | |||
== | |||
AIHA occurs when the body produces antibodies that specifically target its own red blood cells. These antibodies can cause the red blood cells to burst (hemolyze) or can result in their premature removal by the spleen or liver. | AIHA occurs when the body produces antibodies that specifically target its own red blood cells. These antibodies can cause the red blood cells to burst (hemolyze) or can result in their premature removal by the spleen or liver. | ||
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== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
There are a number of reasons why AIHA might develop, including: | There are a number of reasons why AIHA might develop, including: | ||
* Underlying diseases or conditions, such as [[lupus]] or certain types of [[cancer]]. | * Underlying diseases or conditions, such as [[lupus]] or certain types of [[cancer]]. | ||
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* Due to genetic predisposition. | * Due to genetic predisposition. | ||
* Unknown causes - termed as idiopathic. | * Unknown causes - termed as idiopathic. | ||
== Types of AIHA == | == Types of AIHA == | ||
AIHA can be categorized based on the temperature at which the antibodies are most active: | AIHA can be categorized based on the temperature at which the antibodies are most active: | ||
* '''Warm AIHA''': This is the most common type, where antibodies act best at body temperature. They can be idiopathic or related to an underlying condition. | * '''Warm AIHA''': This is the most common type, where antibodies act best at body temperature. They can be idiopathic or related to an underlying condition. | ||
* '''Cold AIHA''': Here, antibodies are active at colder temperatures, often triggered after exposure to cold environments. | * '''Cold AIHA''': Here, antibodies are active at colder temperatures, often triggered after exposure to cold environments. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
Patients with AIHA might exhibit various symptoms, including: | Patients with AIHA might exhibit various symptoms, including: | ||
* Fatigue and weakness. | * Fatigue and weakness. | ||
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* Rapid heartbeat or shortness of breath. | * Rapid heartbeat or shortness of breath. | ||
* Enlarged spleen. | * Enlarged spleen. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
The treatment for AIHA often involves: | The treatment for AIHA often involves: | ||
* Stopping any medication causing the anemia. | * Stopping any medication causing the anemia. | ||
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* Blood transfusions in severe cases. | * Blood transfusions in severe cases. | ||
* Surgical removal of the spleen in some situations. | * Surgical removal of the spleen in some situations. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Anemia]] | * [[Anemia]] | ||
* [[Immune System Disorders]] | * [[Immune System Disorders]] | ||
* [[Blood Disorders]] | * [[Blood Disorders]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Revision as of 22:15, 5 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Autoimmune hemolytic anemia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | AIHA |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fatigue (medical), pallor, jaundice, shortness of breath, tachycardia |
| Complications | Heart failure, splenomegaly, thrombosis |
| Onset | Any age, but more common in adults |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Autoimmune disease, idiopathic, drug-induced |
| Risks | Systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, HIV/AIDS |
| Diagnosis | Coombs test, complete blood count, blood smear |
| Differential diagnosis | Hereditary spherocytosis, G6PD deficiency, cold agglutinin disease |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, splenectomy, blood transfusion |
| Medication | Prednisone, rituximab |
| Prognosis | Variable; depends on underlying cause and response to treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), is a medical condition wherein the body's own immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys red blood cells, leading to anemia. This condition can be acute or chronic and can range from mild to severe.
Introduction
AIHA occurs when the body produces antibodies that specifically target its own red blood cells. These antibodies can cause the red blood cells to burst (hemolyze) or can result in their premature removal by the spleen or liver.
Causes
There are a number of reasons why AIHA might develop, including:
- Underlying diseases or conditions, such as lupus or certain types of cancer.
- Certain medications.
- After a viral infection.
- Due to genetic predisposition.
- Unknown causes - termed as idiopathic.
Types of AIHA
AIHA can be categorized based on the temperature at which the antibodies are most active:
- Warm AIHA: This is the most common type, where antibodies act best at body temperature. They can be idiopathic or related to an underlying condition.
- Cold AIHA: Here, antibodies are active at colder temperatures, often triggered after exposure to cold environments.
Symptoms
Patients with AIHA might exhibit various symptoms, including:
- Fatigue and weakness.
- Pale or yellowish skin.
- Dark urine.
- Rapid heartbeat or shortness of breath.
- Enlarged spleen.
Treatment
The treatment for AIHA often involves:
- Stopping any medication causing the anemia.
- Corticosteroids to suppress the immune response.
- Immune suppression drugs.
- Blood transfusions in severe cases.
- Surgical removal of the spleen in some situations.
See Also
References
<references />
| Diseases of red blood cells | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases (279.5–6) | ||||||||||||||||
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