Type II hypersensitivity
Type II Hypersensitivity
Type II hypersensitivity (pronunciation: /taɪp tuː haɪ.pɚ.sɛn.sɪ.tɪ.vɪ.ti/), also known as cytotoxic hypersensitivity, is a form of immune response in which the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks the body's own cells. This type of hypersensitivity is typically associated with diseases such as autoimmune diseases, hemolytic anemia, and Goodpasture's syndrome.
Etymology
The term "hypersensitivity" comes from the Greek words "hyper" (meaning "over" or "above") and "sensitivity" (from the Latin "sensitivus", meaning "capable of sensation"). The "Type II" designation refers to the classification system developed by Gell and Coombs in 1963, which categorizes hypersensitivity reactions into four types based on the immune mechanisms involved.
Mechanism
In Type II hypersensitivity, the immune system produces antibodies that bind to antigens on the surface of the body's own cells. This triggers a response from immune cells such as macrophages and natural killer cells, which destroy the targeted cells. This process can lead to tissue damage and disease.
Related Terms
- Antigen: A substance that triggers an immune response.
- Antibody: A protein produced by the immune system that binds to specific antigens.
- Autoimmune disease: A condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells.
- Hemolytic anemia: A condition in which red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made.
- Goodpasture's syndrome: A rare autoimmune disease in which antibodies attack the lungs and kidneys.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Type II hypersensitivity
- Wikipedia's article - Type II hypersensitivity
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