Type I hypersensitivity
Type I Hypersensitivity
Type I hypersensitivity (pronounced: Type One Hyper-sen-si-tiv-ity), also known as immediate hypersensitivity, is a type of allergic reaction that occurs rapidly after exposure to an allergen.
Etymology
The term "hypersensitivity" comes from the Greek words "hyper" meaning "over" and "sensitivity" meaning "susceptibility". The "Type I" designation is part of a classification system for allergic reactions, with Type I being the most immediate and severe.
Definition
Type I hypersensitivity is an immune response that is mediated by IgE antibodies. These antibodies bind to mast cells and basophils in the body. When the allergen is encountered again, it binds to the IgE antibodies, triggering the release of various chemicals, including histamine, which cause the symptoms of an allergic reaction.
Symptoms
Symptoms of Type I hypersensitivity can range from mild to severe and can include itching, hives, runny nose, wheezing, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis. The severity of the reaction can depend on the amount of allergen exposure and the individual's immune response.
Related Terms
- Allergen: A substance that causes an allergic reaction.
- IgE: A type of antibody that is involved in allergic reactions.
- Mast cells: Cells that play a key role in allergic reactions by releasing chemicals like histamine.
- Basophils: A type of white blood cell that is involved in allergic reactions.
- Histamine: A chemical released by mast cells and basophils during an allergic reaction that causes many of the symptoms of an allergy.
- Anaphylaxis: A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Type I hypersensitivity
- Wikipedia's article - Type I hypersensitivity
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