Hemolytic anemia
Hemolytic Anemia
Hemolytic anemia (pronounced: hee-muh-LIT-ik uh-NEE-mee-uh) is a condition in which red blood cells are destroyed and removed from the bloodstream before their normal lifespan is over.
Etymology
The term "hemolytic anemia" is derived from the Greek words "haima" meaning blood, "lysis" meaning loosening or dissolution, and "anemia" meaning lack of blood.
Definition
Hemolytic anemia is a type of anemia characterized by the premature destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) in the bloodstream. This destruction can occur either in the bloodstream (intravascular hemolysis) or elsewhere in the body (extravascular hemolysis).
Causes
Hemolytic anemia can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases, infections, certain medications, and blood transfusion reactions.
Genetic Disorders
Genetic disorders that can cause hemolytic anemia include sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, and hereditary spherocytosis.
Autoimmune Diseases
Autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, can also cause hemolytic anemia. In these cases, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys its own red blood cells.
Infections
Certain infections, such as malaria and mononucleosis, can also cause hemolytic anemia.
Symptoms
Symptoms of hemolytic anemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. They may include fatigue, weakness, pale or yellowish skin, shortness of breath, and a rapid heart rate.
Treatment
Treatment for hemolytic anemia depends on the underlying cause of the condition. It may include medications, blood transfusions, or in severe cases, a procedure known as a splenectomy, in which the spleen is removed.
Related Terms
- Anemia
- Sickle cell anemia
- Thalassemia
- Hereditary spherocytosis
- Lupus
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Malaria
- Mononucleosis
- Splenectomy
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Hemolytic anemia
- Wikipedia's article - Hemolytic anemia
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