Bladder cancer: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Bladder cancer | |||
| image = [[File:TransCellCaMark.png|250px]] | |||
| caption = Micrograph of [[urothelial carcinoma]], the most common type of bladder cancer | |||
| field = [[Oncology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Hematuria]], [[dysuria]], [[pelvic pain]] | |||
| complications = [[Metastasis]], [[urinary obstruction]] | |||
| onset = Typically over age 55 | |||
| duration = Long-term | |||
| types = [[Urothelial carcinoma]], [[squamous cell carcinoma]], [[adenocarcinoma]] | |||
| causes = [[Smoking]], [[chemical exposure]], [[chronic bladder inflammation]] | |||
| risks = [[Tobacco smoking]], [[occupational exposure]], [[family history]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Cystoscopy]], [[urinalysis]], [[biopsy]] | |||
| differential = [[Urinary tract infection]], [[kidney stones]], [[prostate cancer]] | |||
| prevention = Avoiding smoking, reducing exposure to chemicals | |||
| treatment = [[Surgery]], [[chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy]], [[immunotherapy]] | |||
| prognosis = Varies by stage and type | |||
| frequency = 573,000 new cases (2020) | |||
| deaths = 212,000 (2020) | |||
}} | |||
Bladder cancer (BLA-der KAN-ser) is [[cancer]] that forms in tissues of the [[urinary bladder]] (the organ that stores urine). | Bladder cancer (BLA-der KAN-ser) is [[cancer]] that forms in tissues of the [[urinary bladder]] (the organ that stores urine). | ||
[[File:T Stages of Bladder Cancer.jpg|alt=Stages of bladder cancer|thumb|Stages of bladder cancer]] | [[File:T Stages of Bladder Cancer.jpg|alt=Stages of bladder cancer|left|thumb|Stages of bladder cancer]] | ||
==Types== | ==Types== | ||
*Most bladder cancers are [[transitional cell]] carcinomas (cancer that begins in cells that normally make up the inner lining of the bladder). | *Most bladder cancers are [[transitional cell]] carcinomas (cancer that begins in cells that normally make up the inner lining of the bladder). | ||
*Other types include [[squamous cell]] carcinoma (cancer that begins in thin, flat cells) and adenocarcinoma (cancer that begins in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids). | *Other types include [[squamous cell]] carcinoma (cancer that begins in thin, flat cells) and adenocarcinoma (cancer that begins in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids). | ||
*The cells that form squamous cell [[carcinoma]] and [[adenocarcinoma]] develop in the inner lining of the bladder as a result of chronic irritation and [[inflammation]]. | *The cells that form squamous cell [[carcinoma]] and [[adenocarcinoma]] develop in the inner lining of the bladder as a result of chronic irritation and [[inflammation]]. | ||
==Risk factors== | ==Risk factors== | ||
Risk factors for the condition include smoking, exposure to certain chemicals, and having [[chronic]] bladder infections. Treatment varies based on the severity of the condition and may include surgery,[[radiation therapy]] ,[[chemotherapy]] , and/or [[biological therapy]] . | Risk factors for the condition include smoking, exposure to certain chemicals, and having [[chronic]] bladder infections. Treatment varies based on the severity of the condition and may include surgery,[[radiation therapy]] ,[[chemotherapy]] , and/or [[biological therapy]] . | ||
==Signs and symptoms== | ==Signs and symptoms== | ||
[[File:Blausen 0082 BladderCancer.png|thumb|upright=1.3|Location of bladder cancer]] | [[File:Blausen 0082 BladderCancer.png|left|thumb|upright=1.3|Location of bladder cancer]] | ||
Signs and symptoms of the condition may include abdominal pain, blood in the urine, fatigue, painful urination, frequent urination, incontinence, and/or weightloss. Most cases of bladder cancer occur sporadically in people with no  of the condition | |||
Signs and symptoms of the condition may include abdominal pain, blood in the urine, fatigue, painful urination, frequent urination, incontinence, and/or weightloss. Most cases of bladder cancer occur sporadically in people with no | |||
Bladder cancer characteristically causes [[blood in the urine]], which may be visible or detectable only by microscope. Blood in the urine is the most common symptom in bladder cancer, and is painless | Bladder cancer characteristically causes [[blood in the urine]], which may be visible or detectable only by microscope. Blood in the urine is the most common symptom in bladder cancer, and is painless | ||
Other possible symptoms include [[Dysuria|pain during urination]], [[frequent urination]], or feeling the need to urinate without being able to do so. These signs and symptoms are not specific to bladder cancer, and may also be caused by non-cancerous conditions, including [[prostate]] infections, [[overactive bladder]] or [[cystitis]]. Some rare forms of bladder cancer like [[Urachal cancer|urachal adenocarcinoma]] produce [[mucin]], which is then excreted in the urine causing it to be thick. | Other possible symptoms include [[Dysuria|pain during urination]], [[frequent urination]], or feeling the need to urinate without being able to do so. These signs and symptoms are not specific to bladder cancer, and may also be caused by non-cancerous conditions, including [[prostate]] infections, [[overactive bladder]] or [[cystitis]]. Some rare forms of bladder cancer like [[Urachal cancer|urachal adenocarcinoma]] produce [[mucin]], which is then excreted in the urine causing it to be thick. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis is typically by [[cystoscopy]] with [[tissue biopsy|tissue biopsies]].Staging of the cancer is determined by [[transurethral resection of bladder tumor|transurethral resection]] and [[medical imaging]]. | Diagnosis is typically by [[cystoscopy]] with [[tissue biopsy|tissue biopsies]].Staging of the cancer is determined by [[transurethral resection of bladder tumor|transurethral resection]] and [[medical imaging]]. | ||
==Treatment options== | ==Treatment options== | ||
Treatment depends on the [[cancer stage|stage of the cancer]].It may include some combination of surgery, radiation therapy, [[chemotherapy]], or [[immunotherapy]].Surgical options may include transurethral resection, partial or complete removal of the bladder, or [[urinary diversion]]. The typical [[five-year survival rates]] in the United States is 77%, Canada is 75%, and Europe is 68%. | Treatment depends on the [[cancer stage|stage of the cancer]].It may include some combination of surgery, radiation therapy, [[chemotherapy]], or [[immunotherapy]].Surgical options may include transurethral resection, partial or complete removal of the bladder, or [[urinary diversion]]. The typical [[five-year survival rates]] in the United States is 77%, Canada is 75%, and Europe is 68%. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
As of 2019, there is limited high level evidence to suggest that eating vegetable and fruits decreases the risk of bladder cancer. A 2008 study concluded that "specific [[fruit]] and [[vegetables]] may act to reduce the risk of bladder cancer." | As of 2019, there is limited high level evidence to suggest that eating vegetable and fruits decreases the risk of bladder cancer. A 2008 study concluded that "specific [[fruit]] and [[vegetables]] may act to reduce the risk of bladder cancer." | ||
Fruit and [[yellow-orange vegetables]], particularly [[carrot]]s and those containing [[selenium]],are probably associated with a moderately reduced risk of bladder cancer. [[Citrus]] fruits and [[cruciferous vegetables]] were also identified as having a possibly protective effect. However an analysis of 47,909 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study showed little relation between cancer reduction and high consumption of fruits and vegetables overall, or yellow or green leafy vegetables specifically, compared to the reduction seen among those men who consumed large amounts of [[cruciferous vegetables]]. | Fruit and [[yellow-orange vegetables]], particularly [[carrot]]s and those containing [[selenium]],are probably associated with a moderately reduced risk of bladder cancer. [[Citrus]] fruits and [[cruciferous vegetables]] were also identified as having a possibly protective effect. However an analysis of 47,909 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study showed little relation between cancer reduction and high consumption of fruits and vegetables overall, or yellow or green leafy vegetables specifically, compared to the reduction seen among those men who consumed large amounts of [[cruciferous vegetables]]. | ||
An inverse relation between in-takes of [[flavonols]] and [[lignans]] ([[Diphenolic acid|diphenolic]] compounds found in [[whole grain]]s, [[legume]]s, [[fruit]]s and [[Vegetable|vegetables)]] and aggressive bladder cancer has also been described. | An inverse relation between in-takes of [[flavonols]] and [[lignans]] ([[Diphenolic acid|diphenolic]] compounds found in [[whole grain]]s, [[legume]]s, [[fruit]]s and [[Vegetable|vegetables)]] and aggressive bladder cancer has also been described. | ||
While it is suggested that the polyphenol compounds in [[tea]] may have an inhibitory effect on bladder tumor formation and growth, there is limited evidence to suggesting drinking tea decreases bladder cancer risk. | While it is suggested that the polyphenol compounds in [[tea]] may have an inhibitory effect on bladder tumor formation and growth, there is limited evidence to suggesting drinking tea decreases bladder cancer risk. | ||
In a 10-year study involving almost 49,000 men, researchers found that men who drank at least 1.44 L of water (around 6 cups) per day had a reduced risk of bladder cancer when compared with men who drank less. It was also found that: "the risk of bladder cancer decreased by 7% for every 240 mL of fluid added". | In a 10-year study involving almost 49,000 men, researchers found that men who drank at least 1.44 L of water (around 6 cups) per day had a reduced risk of bladder cancer when compared with men who drank less. It was also found that: "the risk of bladder cancer decreased by 7% for every 240 mL of fluid added". | ||
The authors proposed that bladder cancer might partly be caused by the bladder directly contacting [[carcinogen]]s that are excreted in urine, although this has not yet been confirmed in other studies. | The authors proposed that bladder cancer might partly be caused by the bladder directly contacting [[carcinogen]]s that are excreted in urine, although this has not yet been confirmed in other studies. | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/patient/bladder-treatment-pdq Cancer.gov bladder cancer] | *[https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/patient/bladder-treatment-pdq Cancer.gov bladder cancer] | ||
{{cancer}} | {{cancer}} | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
{{rarediseases}} | {{rarediseases}} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:39, 4 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Bladder cancer | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Hematuria, dysuria, pelvic pain |
| Complications | Metastasis, urinary obstruction |
| Onset | Typically over age 55 |
| Duration | Long-term |
| Types | Urothelial carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma |
| Causes | Smoking, chemical exposure, chronic bladder inflammation |
| Risks | Tobacco smoking, occupational exposure, family history |
| Diagnosis | Cystoscopy, urinalysis, biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Urinary tract infection, kidney stones, prostate cancer |
| Prevention | Avoiding smoking, reducing exposure to chemicals |
| Treatment | Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Varies by stage and type |
| Frequency | 573,000 new cases (2020) |
| Deaths | 212,000 (2020) |
Bladder cancer (BLA-der KAN-ser) is cancer that forms in tissues of the urinary bladder (the organ that stores urine).
Types[edit]
- Most bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas (cancer that begins in cells that normally make up the inner lining of the bladder).
- Other types include squamous cell carcinoma (cancer that begins in thin, flat cells) and adenocarcinoma (cancer that begins in cells that make and release mucus and other fluids).
- The cells that form squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma develop in the inner lining of the bladder as a result of chronic irritation and inflammation.
Risk factors[edit]
Risk factors for the condition include smoking, exposure to certain chemicals, and having chronic bladder infections. Treatment varies based on the severity of the condition and may include surgery,radiation therapy ,chemotherapy , and/or biological therapy .
Signs and symptoms[edit]
Signs and symptoms of the condition may include abdominal pain, blood in the urine, fatigue, painful urination, frequent urination, incontinence, and/or weightloss. Most cases of bladder cancer occur sporadically in people with no  of the condition Bladder cancer characteristically causes blood in the urine, which may be visible or detectable only by microscope. Blood in the urine is the most common symptom in bladder cancer, and is painless Other possible symptoms include pain during urination, frequent urination, or feeling the need to urinate without being able to do so. These signs and symptoms are not specific to bladder cancer, and may also be caused by non-cancerous conditions, including prostate infections, overactive bladder or cystitis. Some rare forms of bladder cancer like urachal adenocarcinoma produce mucin, which is then excreted in the urine causing it to be thick.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis is typically by cystoscopy with tissue biopsies.Staging of the cancer is determined by transurethral resection and medical imaging.
Treatment options[edit]
Treatment depends on the stage of the cancer.It may include some combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy.Surgical options may include transurethral resection, partial or complete removal of the bladder, or urinary diversion. The typical five-year survival rates in the United States is 77%, Canada is 75%, and Europe is 68%.
Prevention[edit]
As of 2019, there is limited high level evidence to suggest that eating vegetable and fruits decreases the risk of bladder cancer. A 2008 study concluded that "specific fruit and vegetables may act to reduce the risk of bladder cancer." Fruit and yellow-orange vegetables, particularly carrots and those containing selenium,are probably associated with a moderately reduced risk of bladder cancer. Citrus fruits and cruciferous vegetables were also identified as having a possibly protective effect. However an analysis of 47,909 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study showed little relation between cancer reduction and high consumption of fruits and vegetables overall, or yellow or green leafy vegetables specifically, compared to the reduction seen among those men who consumed large amounts of cruciferous vegetables. An inverse relation between in-takes of flavonols and lignans (diphenolic compounds found in whole grains, legumes, fruits and vegetables) and aggressive bladder cancer has also been described. While it is suggested that the polyphenol compounds in tea may have an inhibitory effect on bladder tumor formation and growth, there is limited evidence to suggesting drinking tea decreases bladder cancer risk. In a 10-year study involving almost 49,000 men, researchers found that men who drank at least 1.44 L of water (around 6 cups) per day had a reduced risk of bladder cancer when compared with men who drank less. It was also found that: "the risk of bladder cancer decreased by 7% for every 240 mL of fluid added". The authors proposed that bladder cancer might partly be caused by the bladder directly contacting carcinogens that are excreted in urine, although this has not yet been confirmed in other studies.
External links[edit]
| Overview of tumors, cancer and oncology (C00–D48, 140–239) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit]
Bladder cancer is a rare disease.
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Rare diseases - Bladder cancer
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