Cystoscopy

Cystoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that allows a doctor to examine the lining of the bladder and the tube that carries urine out of the body (urethra). A hollow tube (cystoscope) equipped with a lens is inserted into the urethra and slowly advanced into the bladder.

Procedure

Cystoscopy can be performed in a testing room, operating room or a doctor's office. The procedure can be done under local, regional or general anesthesia. The type of anesthesia depends on the reason for cystoscopy. The procedure can be performed in two ways:

• Flexible cystoscopy: This procedure uses a thin, flexible cystoscope. It is less likely to cause discomfort or pain.
• Rigid cystoscopy: This procedure uses a wider, rigid cystoscope. It is generally used for men and allows the doctor to perform additional procedures, such as removing a bladder stone.

Uses

Cystoscopy is used to diagnose, monitor and treat conditions affecting the bladder and urethra. It can be used to:

• Investigate causes of symptoms such as blood in the urine (hematuria), frequent urinary tract infections, incontinence, persistent pelvic pain, or urinary blockage.
• Diagnose bladder diseases and conditions.
• Treat bladder diseases and conditions.

Risks

Cystoscopy carries a risk of complications, which may include:

• Infection
• Bleeding
• Bladder wall damage
• Conditions related to the anesthesia

Preparation

Before a cystoscopy, patients should inform their doctor about any medications they're taking, as well as any allergies. They may need to stop taking certain medications before the procedure.

After the procedure

After a cystoscopy, it's normal to have a burning sensation while urinating and see small amounts of blood in the urine. Drinking plenty of water can help reduce these symptoms.

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  Diagram showing a cystoscopy for a man and a woman

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  Cystoscope

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  Cystoscopy