Template:Concepts in infectious disease

From Food & Medicine Encyclopedia

Concepts in infectious disease (Outline)

Determinants

Agent	* Biofilm Germ theory of disease Infectivity Infectious dose Pathogenicity Attack rate Quorum sensing Virulence Endotoxin Exotoxin Case fatality rate factors Antimicrobial resistance Drug resistance Horizontal gene transfer Multidrug-resistant bacteria Host tropism
Host	* Burn Comorbidity Diabetes Host–pathogen interaction Immune response Immunodeficiency Immunosuppression Microbiome health Opportunistic infection Risk of infection Susceptible individual Age Gender Nutrition status Vaccination status Genetic predisposition Behavioral/lifestyle factors Smoking Pregnancy Stress levels
Environment	* Access to water, sanitation and hygiene Air quality Biodiversity loss Climate change Climate zones El Niño Tropical diseases Commerce Deforestation Ecology Humidity Injection drug use Natural disaster Flood Poultry and livestock Poverty Travel Urbanization Vector control War and conflict

Basic
concepts

* Asymptomatic carrier

Modes

Endogenous

* Endogenous overgrowth

Normal flora overgrowth
Endogenous reactivation
Microbial translocation
Endogenous seeding
Biofilm formation

Exogenous

* Spillover infection

Human-to-human
/Cross-infection

* Contagious disease

Source
- Nosocomial/Hospital
- Iatrogenic/Medical care
Generational difference
- Vertical/Congenital
  - Prenatal
  - Perinatal
  - Neonatal
- Horizontal
Breakthrough infection

Environment-
to-human

Routes

Respiratory	* Air Bioaerosol Aerosol-generating procedure Dental aerosol Respiratory droplet
Linked to Vascular system	* Blood-borne disease Percutaneous inoculation Injection site Intravenous line Insect bite Animal bite Surgical intervention Postoperative wound Surgical site infection Vector-borne Mosquito Tick
Gastrointestinal	* Food Contamination Breastmilk Water Feces
Cutaneous	* Burn Fomite Soil Open wound
Genitourinary	* Sex

* Agent-based model

Occurrence
in population

Anatomical
location

* Respiratory

- Ear-Nose-Throat/Upper respiratory tract
- Chest/Lower respiratory tract
Gastrointestinal
- Intestinal
Genitourinary
Nervous system
Skin
Soft tissue
Bone
Joint
Cardiovascular
Systemic/Generalized
Blood
Tooth
Mouth
Fetus
Eye

Prevention
and Control
measures

Pharmaceutical

Non-
pharmaceutical

* Contact tracing

Emerging
infections

* Antigenic drift

Antigenic shift
Antimicrobial resistance surveillance
- EARS-Net
Biosecurity
CRISPR
Disease X
Emergent virus
Evolutionary epidemiology
Genetic epidemiology
Global Health Initiatives
Microbial phylogenetics
One Health Model
Genomic reassortment
Re-emerging disease
Reverse zoonosis
Selection pressure
Synthetic biology
Viral phylodynamics

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