Synthetic biology

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Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology (pronunciation: /sɪnˈθɛtɪk baɪˈɒlədʒi/) is an interdisciplinary branch of biology and engineering. The subject combines various disciplines from within these domains, such as biotechnology, evolutionary biology, molecular biology, systems biology, biophysics, computer engineering, and genetic engineering.

Etymology

The term "synthetic biology" was first used on genetically engineered bacteria that were created with recombinant DNA technology which was synonymous with bioengineering. Later the term "synthetic biology" was used as a mean to redesign life which is an extension of biomimetic chemistry, where organic synthesis is used to generate artificial molecules that mimic natural molecules such as enzymes.

Definition

In synthetic biology, biologists and engineers not only construct new biological parts, devices, and systems, but also redesign existing, natural biological systems for useful purposes. This can involve the design and construction of new biological parts, devices, and systems, as well as the re-design of existing, natural biological systems for useful purposes.

Related Terms

  • Genetic Engineering: The direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.
  • Biotechnology: The exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes.
  • Molecular Biology: The branch of biology that deals with the structure and function of the macromolecules essential to life.
  • Systems Biology: The computational and mathematical modeling of complex biological systems.
  • Bioengineering: The application of principles of biology and the tools of engineering to create usable, tangible, economically viable products.
  • Evolutionary Biology: The study of the origins and changes in the diversity of life over time.

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