Human microbiome
Human Microbiome
The Human Microbiome (pronounced: hew-man my-crow-by-ohm) is the collective term for the ecosystem of microorganisms that live in and on the human body. These microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The term "microbiome" is derived from the Greek words "micros" meaning small and "biome" meaning a place of life.
Etymology
The term "microbiome" was first used in the early 2000s by the microbiologist Joshua Lederberg, who wanted to highlight the importance of microorganisms living in and on our bodies. The term is a combination of "micro" (small) and "biome" (a community of organisms).
Composition
The human microbiome is composed of a variety of microorganisms. The majority of these are bacteria, but the microbiome also includes viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The largest numbers of microorganisms are found in the gut, but they also inhabit other areas such as the skin, mouth, and vagina.
Function
The human microbiome plays a crucial role in human health. It aids in digestion, produces vitamins, and helps to regulate the immune system. Disruptions to the microbiome, known as dysbiosis, can lead to a range of health problems, including obesity, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases.
Research
Research into the human microbiome is a rapidly growing field. The Human Microbiome Project, launched by the National Institutes of Health in 2007, aims to characterize the microbiome and understand its role in human health and disease.
Related Terms
- Microbiota: The microorganisms in a particular environment (including the body or a part of the body).
- Microbiome sequencing: A technique used to identify and study the microorganisms in a particular environment.
- Probiotics: Live bacteria and yeasts that are good for health, especially the digestive system.
- Prebiotics: Substances that induce the growth or activity of microorganisms that contribute to the well-being of their host.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Human microbiome
- Wikipedia's article - Human microbiome
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