Contagious disease

Contagious diseases are medical conditions that can be transmitted from one individual to another. These diseases can be spread through various means, such as physical contact, airborne transmission, or through the exchange of bodily fluids. Contagious diseases can range from common illnesses like the common cold and influenza, to more severe diseases such as HIV/AIDS and Ebola virus disease.

Transmission

The transmission of contagious diseases can occur through several different methods. Direct contact, such as touching or kissing, can spread diseases like chickenpox or mononucleosis. Indirect contact, such as touching a surface that an infected person has touched, can also spread disease. Airborne transmission can occur when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing tiny droplets into the air that can be inhaled by others. Some diseases, like malaria, are spread through vectors, such as mosquitoes.

Prevention

Prevention of contagious diseases often involves practicing good hygiene, such as regular hand washing, and avoiding close contact with individuals who are sick. Vaccinations are also a key method of preventing the spread of many contagious diseases, including measles, mumps, and rubella. In some cases, individuals may be quarantined to prevent the spread of highly contagious diseases.

Treatment

Treatment for contagious diseases varies depending on the specific disease. Some diseases, like the common cold, typically resolve on their own with rest and fluids. Other diseases, like HIV/AIDS, require lifelong treatment with antiretroviral therapy. In some cases, such as with Ebola virus disease, treatment primarily involves supportive care while the body fights off the infection.

See also

• Epidemiology
• Infectious disease
• Pandemic
• Vaccine

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  NIH Clinical Center - Special Clinical Studies Unit