Suicidal ideation

Medical Condition
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Introduction

Suicidal ideation refers to thoughts about or an unusual preoccupation with suicide. The range of suicidal ideation varies greatly from fleeting thoughts, to extensive thoughts, to detailed planning, role playing (e.g., standing on a chair with a noose), and unsuccessful attempts, which may be deliberately constructed to fail or be discovered, or may be fully intended to result in death.

Causes and Risk Factors

The most common underlying disorder is depression, 30% to 70% of suicide victims suffer from major depression or bipolar (manic-depressive) disorder. Other risk factors for suicidal ideation include a history of trauma or abuse, chronic physical illness, substance abuse, and social isolation. Additionally, access to lethal means, such as firearms or drugs, can increase the risk of suicide.

Symptoms and Complications

Symptoms of suicidal ideation can vary from person to person, but common signs include talking about feeling hopeless or trapped, extreme mood swings, withdrawing from friends and family, and giving away prized possessions. In some cases, individuals may also begin to say goodbye to loved ones as if they are not going to see them again.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of suicidal ideation is typically based on a comprehensive clinical interview with the individual, which may involve questions about their thoughts, feelings, and behavior. The clinician may also assess for the presence of underlying mental health disorders, such as depression or anxiety, which can increase the risk of suicide.

Treatment

Treatment of suicidal ideation typically involves psychotherapy, which can help individuals develop healthier thought patterns and coping strategies. Medications, such as antidepressants, mood stabilizers, or antipsychotics, may also be prescribed to treat any underlying mental health disorders. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to ensure the individual's safety.

References

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