Major depressive episode

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Major Depressive Episode

A Major Depressive Episode (pronunciation: /ˈmeɪdʒər dɪˈprɛsɪv ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd/) is a period characterized by severe depression that lasts for at least two weeks.

Etymology

The term "Major Depressive Episode" is derived from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), a widely accepted psychiatric diagnostic manual. "Major" refers to the severity of the depressive symptoms, "Depressive" refers to the nature of the symptoms, and "Episode" indicates a specific period of time during which the symptoms occur.

Definition

A Major Depressive Episode is defined by the presence of five or more of the following symptoms during the same two-week period, and at least one of the symptoms is either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure:

  1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day.
  2. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day.
  3. Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain, or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day.
  4. Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day.
  5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day.
  6. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day.
  7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt nearly every day.
  8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day.
  9. Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.

To be considered a Major Depressive Episode, the symptoms must cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

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