Dermatomyositis
| Dermatomyositis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Field | Rheumatology |
| Symptoms | Rash, muscle weakness, weight loss, fever |
| Complications | Calcinosis, lung inflammation, heart disease |
| Onset | 40s to 50s |
| Duration | Long term |
| Types | |
| Causes | Unknown |
| Risks | |
| Diagnosis | Based on symptoms, blood tests, electromyography, muscle biopsies |
| Differential diagnosis | Polymyositis, inclusion body myositis, scleroderma |
| Prevention | |
| Treatment | Medication, physical therapy, exercise, heat therapy, orthotics, assistive devices, rest |
| Medication | Corticosteroids, methotrexate, azathioprine |
| Prognosis | |
| Frequency | ~ 1 per 100,000 people per year |
| Deaths | |
Dermatomyositis (DM) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects muscles and skin.
Overview
Dermatomyositis is characterized by a distinctive skin rash and progressive muscle weakness, which may occur suddenly or develop gradually over months. Additional symptoms might include weight loss, fever, lung inflammation, or light sensitivity. Complications can involve calcium deposits in muscles or skin.
Etiology
The exact cause of dermatomyositis remains unknown. It is postulated to be an autoimmune disease or potentially triggered by a viral infection, categorizing it as a type of inflammatory myopathy.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of dermatomyositis typically relies on a combination of symptomatology, blood tests, electromyography, and muscle biopsies.
Treatment
While there is currently no cure for dermatomyositis, various treatment strategies can alleviate symptoms. These may include medication, physical therapy, exercise, heat therapy, orthotics, assistive devices, and rest. Corticosteroids are commonly used, with additional agents such as methotrexate or azathioprine recommended if steroid therapy is insufficient. Intravenous immunoglobulin may also be beneficial. The condition may improve with treatment, and in some cases, it may resolve completely.
Epidemiology
Dermatomyositis affects approximately 1 per 100,000 people each year. It commonly presents in individuals in their 40s and 50s, with a higher incidence in women than men. However, it can affect individuals of any age. The condition was first described in the 1800s.
Gottron's papules on finger joints.
Gottron's papules on the elbows of a person with juvenile DM
Gottron's papules
Gottron's papules on a person with juvenile DM
Gottron's papules in severe case of juvenile dermatomyositis
Heliotrope with swelling around the eyes
Heliotrope
Facial rash
Severe rash on the hands, extending up the forearm
Forearm rash
See Also
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External links
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