Cryptococcal meningitis

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Cryptococcal meningitis (pronounced: krip-toe-kok-al men-in-jai-tis) is a serious infection of the meninges, the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It is caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii.

Etymology

The term "Cryptococcal meningitis" is derived from the Greek words "kryptos" meaning hidden, "kokkos" meaning berry, and "meningitis" meaning inflammation of the meninges.

Causes

Cryptococcal meningitis is caused by the inhalation of the Cryptococcus fungi, which are commonly found in soil and bird droppings. The disease is particularly common in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS.

Symptoms

Symptoms of cryptococcal meningitis may include headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, neck stiffness, and changes in mental status.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically made by identifying the Cryptococcus fungus in a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained via lumbar puncture.

Treatment

Treatment typically involves long-term antifungal therapy, often with a combination of amphotericin B and flucytosine. Following initial treatment, maintenance therapy with fluconazole is often recommended.

Prognosis

Without treatment, cryptococcal meningitis is usually fatal. Even with treatment, the disease can cause significant complications, including brain damage and hearing loss.

Prevention

Prevention strategies include avoiding exposure to bird droppings and taking antifungal medications in individuals with weakened immune systems.

See also

External links

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