Meningoencephalitis

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Meningoencephalitis
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Fever, headache, neck stiffness, confusion, seizures
Complications	Brain damage, hearing loss, cognitive impairment
Onset	Rapid
Duration	Varies
Types	N/A
Causes	Bacterial infection, viral infection, fungal infection, parasitic infection, autoimmune disease
Risks	Immunocompromised state, age extremes, exposure to pathogens
Diagnosis	Lumbar puncture, CT scan, MRI, blood tests
Differential diagnosis	Meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, corticosteroids, supportive care
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on cause and treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Meningoencephalitis

BrainToxoplasmosis_MRI_11_19

Introduction

Meningoencephalitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the brain and meninges (the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord). This condition involves the encephalon (the area inside the skull) and can affect the spinal column.

Causes and Risk Factors

Meningoencephalitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including infections (viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic), autoimmune diseases, and certain medications. Viral and bacterial meningitis are among the most common causes.

Symptoms

Symptoms of meningoencephalitis can vary but often include headache, fever, neck stiffness, confusion, seizures, and sensitivity to light. In severe cases, it can lead to neurological deficits or even death.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests, such as lumbar punctures, blood tests, and imaging studies like MRI or CT scan.

Treatment and Management

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Bacterial forms typically require antibiotics, while viral cases may only need supportive care. In some cases, antiviral or antifungal medications may be used.

Prevention

Preventive measures include vaccination, practicing good hygiene, and avoiding exposure to known infectious agents.

Prognosis

The prognosis for meningoencephalitis varies depending on the cause, age of the patient, and speed of treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for a favorable outcome.

See Also

• Encephalitis
• Meningitis
• Neuroinflammation

References

1. CDC Meningitis Information 2. WHO Meningitis Fact Sheet

External Links

• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - Encephalitis and Meningitis

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