Autoimmune Diseases
Autoimmune Diseases
Autoimmune Diseases (pronunciation: /ˌɔːtoʊɪˈmjuːn dɪˈziːz/) are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. The etymology of the term comes from the Greek words "auto" meaning self, and "immune" referring to the body's defense system.
Overview
In a healthy body, the immune system can distinguish between foreign cells and its own cells. However, in the case of autoimmune diseases, this system fails to recognize the body's cells as its own, leading to an immune response against these cells. This can result in inflammation and damage to various body tissues.
Types of Autoimmune Diseases
There are over 80 different types of autoimmune diseases. Some of the most common ones include:
- Rheumatoid arthritis: This condition causes inflammation in the joints, leading to pain and swelling.
- Type 1 diabetes: This is a condition where the immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin.
- Multiple sclerosis: This disease damages the protective covering of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.
- Systemic lupus erythematosus: This is a systemic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the body, including the skin, joints, and organs.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of autoimmune diseases is unknown. However, they are believed to be triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Certain factors such as gender, race, and family history can increase the risk of developing an autoimmune disease.
Treatment
Treatment for autoimmune diseases generally aims to reduce the immune system's response and manage symptoms. This can include medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Autoimmune Diseases
- Wikipedia's article - Autoimmune Diseases
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