Arnold-Chiari malformation

Arnold-Chiari Malformation

The Arnold-Chiari Malformation (pronounced ar-nold kee-ah-ree mal-for-may-shun) is a Neurological disorder that is present at birth. It is a condition characterized by the downward displacement of the Cerebellum and Brainstem into the Spinal canal. The condition is named after two physicians, Julius Arnold and Hans Chiari, who first described the condition in the late 19th century.

Etymology

The term "Arnold-Chiari" is derived from the names of the two physicians who first described the condition. Julius Arnold (1835-1915), a German pathologist, and Hans Chiari (1851-1916), an Austrian pathologist, independently described the condition in the late 19th century.

Types

There are four types of Arnold-Chiari malformation, classified as Type I, II, III, and IV. Each type is distinguished by the severity of the malformation and the symptoms that are present.

• Arnold-Chiari Malformation Type I is the least severe form and may not cause symptoms until adulthood. It is often discovered incidentally during an MRI for an unrelated condition.
• Arnold-Chiari Malformation Type II is more severe and is usually noticed at birth or in early infancy. It is often associated with Spina Bifida.
• Arnold-Chiari Malformation Type III is a very severe form and is often associated with other neurological abnormalities.
• Arnold-Chiari Malformation Type IV is the most severe form and is often incompatible with life.

Symptoms

Symptoms of Arnold-Chiari malformation can vary widely depending on the type and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include Headache, Dizziness, Nausea, Muscle weakness, and problems with balance and coordination.

Treatment

Treatment for Arnold-Chiari malformation depends on the severity of the condition and the symptoms present. In some cases, no treatment is necessary. In other cases, Surgery may be required to relieve pressure on the brain and spinal cord.

See Also

• Hydrocephalus
• Spina Bifida
• Syringomyelia

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Arnold-Chiari malformation
• Wikipedia's article - Arnold-Chiari malformation

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