Neural tube defect
Neural tube defect
Neural tube defect (NTD) is a type of birth defect that affects the spinal cord and the brain. Pronounced as /ˈnʊərəl tjuːb dɪˈfɛkt/, the term originates from the words "neural" (relating to a nerve or the nervous system), "tube" (a long, hollow cylinder), and "defect" (a shortcoming, imperfection, or lack).
Definition
Neural tube defects are abnormalities that occur in the development of the spinal cord and brain of an embryo. These defects occur when the neural tube, a structure that eventually forms the brain and spinal cord, fails to close completely during the first few weeks of embryonic development.
Types
There are several types of neural tube defects, including:
- Spina bifida: This is the most common type of neural tube defect. It occurs when the spinal cord and the bones surrounding it do not form properly.
- Anencephaly: This is a severe defect where parts of the brain, skull, and scalp do not develop properly.
- Encephalocele: This is a rare type of neural tube defect where parts of the brain protrude out of the skull.
Causes
The exact cause of neural tube defects is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some research suggests that a lack of folic acid during pregnancy may increase the risk.
Prevention
Taking folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects. It is recommended that women who are planning to become pregnant take a daily supplement of folic acid.
Treatment
Treatment for neural tube defects varies depending on the severity of the defect. Some cases may require surgery, while others may require lifelong care and support.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Neural tube defect
- Wikipedia's article - Neural tube defect
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