Arnold-Chiari Malformation
Arnold-Chiari Malformation
Arnold-Chiari Malformation (pronounced ar-nold kee-ah-ree mal-for-may-shun) is a rare neurological disorder that is present at birth. The condition is also known as Chiari malformation or Chiari's deformity.
Etymology
The term "Arnold-Chiari" was named after two Austrian pathologists, Julius Arnold and Hans Chiari, who first described the condition in the late 19th century.
Definition
Arnold-Chiari Malformation is a condition characterized by an abnormality in the lower part of the brain called the cerebellum, and the spinal cord. This malformation occurs when the cerebellum and the brainstem are pushed downward into the spinal canal, which can block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and cause a variety of symptoms.
Types
There are four types of Arnold-Chiari Malformation:
- Type I - This is the most common and least severe type. Symptoms may not appear until late childhood or adulthood.
- Type II - Also known as classic Chiari malformation, this type is usually noticed at birth and is associated with spina bifida.
- Type III - This is a very rare and severe malformation that often causes life-threatening complications.
- Type IV - This type involves an incomplete or underdeveloped cerebellum, a condition known as cerebellar hypoplasia.
Symptoms
Symptoms of Arnold-Chiari Malformation can vary greatly depending on the type and severity of the condition. They may include headache, dizziness, difficulty swallowing, nausea, tinnitus, and problems with balance and coordination.
Treatment
Treatment for Arnold-Chiari Malformation depends on the severity of the symptoms. It may include medications to manage symptoms, physical therapy, and in severe cases, surgery to reduce pressure on the brain and spinal cord and to restore normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Arnold-Chiari Malformation
- Wikipedia's article - Arnold-Chiari Malformation
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